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“HEAVEN ON EARTH”

This overview explores the fundamental ideas of socialism and communism, tracing their origins from the French Revolution to modern movements. Socialism promotes cooperative living and wealth equality, while capitalism is critiqued for its role in societal evils. Key figures include Robert Owen, who founded utopian communities, and Karl Marx, the author of the Communist Manifesto and proponent of scientific socialism. The text discusses Marx's theories on class struggle, value derived from labor, and predictions of societal revolution, leading to the establishment of Marxist-Leninism by Lenin in Russia.

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“HEAVEN ON EARTH”

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  1. “HEAVEN ON EARTH” SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

  2. THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT • Socialism is the idea that people can live cooperatively in modern society • Equality of wealth is goal • Capitalism is responsible for many if not all of the evils of the modern industrial world • Idea first surfaces in French Revolution

  3. UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS • In early 19th century Factories and cities were breeding horrible poverty as well as great wealth in Europe and America

  4. ROBERT OWEN • Successful cotton manufacturer • Founded idealistic community at New Lanark • Later founded utopian community in New Harmony, Indiana, U.S.

  5. KARL MARX • Born 1818 in what is now Germany • Wrote Communist Manifesto in 1848, a year of revolutions • Worked for years on Das Capital, a critique of capitalism • Died in 1883 in London with few followers, but created what was called “scientific socialism”

  6. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS • Conflict between social classes was the key to understanding all of human history • Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = (from Hegel, German philosopher)

  7. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D. • GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORY

  8. CAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATION MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.

  9. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D. • Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and revolution would erupt • Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come about • Marx’s followers would be there to guide events

  10. MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND PRESCRIPTIONS • “FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS NEED.” • STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD “WITHER AWAY”

  11. FRIEDRICH ENGELS • Wealthy son of a German manufacturer • Helped popularize Marx’s writings and ideas and subsidized him • “Workers of the World, Unite. You Have Nothing to Lose But Your Chains.”

  12. COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • Published in 1848, a year when revolutions erupted across Europe Attacked monarchy, organized religion, the family

  13. SOCIALISM BECOMES A MOVEMENT • “Comrade” • The Internationale: • Listen to some cool commy musac

  14. “REVISIONISM” • In 1880s, Socialists are outlawed in Germany • Edward Bernstein publishes “Evolutionary Socialism” • Revolution wasn’t going to happen • “THE GOAL IS NOTHING, THE MOVEMENT IS EVERYTHING”

  15. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM • Improve lives of workers through politics and laws • Social Democrat parties emerge in many countries and eventually become very influential in western Europe – e.g. British Labour party and esp. in Germany • Advocate “welfare state”

  16. LENIN and BOLSHEVISM • Vladimir Lenin • Advocates Violent Revolution • Masses need an elite, disciplined group to start and guide it. • Publishes “Iskra” – the “Spark”

  17. LENIN’S IDEAS • WORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOAL • BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE MEANS

  18. LENIN’S IMPACT • FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER. • COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR PHILOSOPHY AS MARXIST-LENINISM.

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