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Understanding Atomic Properties and Compound Formation

This lesson explores how atomic structure, particularly the number and arrangement of electrons, influences the properties of elements. We see that different elements react with varying amounts of chlorine or oxygen, leading to specific compounds such as LiCl, MgCl2, and CO2. A key difference between metals and nonmetals is their electron behavior; metals easily lose electrons, forming positive ions (cations) and exhibiting distinct properties like higher melting points and densities. Practice predicting chemical formulas for compounds formed from various elements.

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Understanding Atomic Properties and Compound Formation

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  1. NOTES: A.7 – What Determines Properties?

  2. • We have seen that atoms of different elements will react with different numbers of chlorine atoms or oxygen atoms. EXAMPLE: Li LiCl Mg MgCl2 Al AlCl3 C CCl4

  3. EXAMPLE: Li Li2O Mg MgO Al Al2O3 C CO or CO2

  4. WHY IS THIS? **Recall: atoms of different elements have different numbers of PROTONS (ATOMIC NUMBERS)…this means that they also have different numbers of ELECTRONS. **Many properties of elements are determined by the number of electrons in their atoms and how these electrons are arranged.

  5. • A major difference between atoms of METALS and NONMETALS is: metal atoms lose some of their electrons much more easily than nonmetal atoms do

  6. As a result, metals exhibit certain properties:  metal atoms tend to lose 1 or more outer electrons to other atoms or ions…so metallic elements tend to form POSITIVE IONS (CATIONS).

  7. Metallic Properties:  metal atoms are strongly attracted to one another…this leads to: - higher melting points - solid at room temperature - higher densities than the nonmetals

  8. EXAMPLE: Magnesium has a melting point of 651°C and sodium has a melting point of 98°C. What does this mean? • the attractions among the atoms of magnesium metal must be stronger than those in sodium metal

  9. PRACTICE: Use your periodic table and the examples provided to PREDICT the chemical formulas for the compounds that would form between the following elements:

  10. KNOWN COMPOUNDS: NaI MgCl2 CaO Al2O3 CCl4 PREDICT the formula for a compound formed from: a) C and F: b) Al and S: c) K and Cl: d) Ca and Br: e) Sr and O:

  11. KNOWN COMPOUNDS: NaI MgCl2 CaO Al2O3 CCl4 PREDICT the formula for a compound formed from: a) C and F: CF4 b) Al and S: Al2S3 c) K and Cl: KCl d) Ca and Br: CaBr2 e) Sr and O: SrO

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