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4 Mar

4 Mar. Opener: Who came up with the idea of evolution?. Agenda Review of Natural Selection Evolution Misconceptions Big Picture on Evolution Homework Read the intro to Chapter 8 on pg 287. Ways of Knowing.

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4 Mar

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  1. 4Mar • Opener: Who came up with the idea of evolution? • Agenda • Review of Natural Selection • Evolution Misconceptions • Big Picture on Evolution • Homework • Read the intro to Chapter 8 on pg 287

  2. Ways of Knowing Science, in terms of the ways of knowing discussed by Kerlinger (1973), might be considered a special case of the combination of experience and reason. While inspiration or intuition often plays an important role in scientific discovery, it must be subjected to experience that can be publicly verified and reason before it is accepted. • Experience • Intuition • Authority • Philosophy • Science

  3. Natural selection • There is heritable variation within populations • More offspring are born than can survive • The result is a competition for limited resources • Some organisms survive & reproduce based on adaptation Charles Darwin

  4. Evolution Misconceptions • http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IHowitworks.shtml • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variation/misconceptions/

  5. 5 Mar • Opener: What types of evidence do you think Darwin used to support his idea of natural selection? • Agenda • Big Picture on evolution • History of Evolutionary Thought • Homework • 8.1 & 8.13 + GQs

  6. 7 Mar • Agenda: • “The evolution of evolutionary thought” Reading Assignment

  7. 8-9 Mar • Opener: What types of evidence do you think Darwin used to support his idea of natural selection? • Agenda • Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection Prezi • Great Transformations • Homework • Read chapter 8.1, 8.2, & 8.10

  8. Evidence for Evolution Prezi: • http://prezi.com/-22ga7qqd6hr/copy-of-ap-bio-evolution-3-evidence-of-evolution/

  9. 11 Mar • Opener: The diagram below shows a comparison of nitrogen base sequences in the DNA of some organisms to those of a human.  According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to _________ • Agenda • Finish Evidence notes • Homework • none

  10. 12 Mar • Opener: The diagram below shows a comparison of nitrogen base sequences in the DNA of some organisms to those of a human.  According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to _________ • Agenda • Start Review • Homework • Formative quiz tomorrow

  11. 13 Mar • Agenda • Unit 8 Formative Quiz • Homework • Unit 8 readings

  12. 14 Mar • Opener: • Page 287 in our book talks a lot about “chance and selection” in regard to evolution. How does “chance and selection” summarize evolution? • Agenda • Collect Unit 8 Reading/ Sub Report • Lizard drawing • Co-evolution/ Symbiosis and Mimicry • Homework • none

  13. Co-evolution and Symbiosis • Coevolution • The evolutionary change of one species triggered by the change of another species with which it closely interacts • Symbiosis • Two different organisms living together • Types of Symbiosis: • Mutualism (+/+) • Commensalism (+/o) • Parasitism (+/-)

  14. Mutualism • Benefits both organisms (+/+) • Example: Acacia ants and Acacia trees

  15. Commensalism • Benefits one organism, no effect on the other (+/0) • Example: Whales and barnacles

  16. Parasitism • Beneficial to one organism, harmful to another (+/-) • Example: leeches!

  17. Mimicry • Mimicry is the similarity of one species to another. This similarity can be in appearance, behavior, sound, scent or location and can protect one or both species. • Result of convergent evolution

  18. More Batesian mimicry The toxic sea slug Phillidiella pustulosa (left) is mimicked by a harmless flatworm Pseudoceros imitatus

  19. More Batesian mimicry The harmless Allobates zaparo (top) mimics the poisonous Epipedobates biliguis (middle) and the even more toxic species E. parvalus whenever these species share their habitats

  20. More Batesian mimicry The filefish Canthigaster valentini (left) mimics the unpalatable puffer Paraluterus prionurus

  21. More Batesian mimicry The Harlequin Snake eel (Myrichthys colubrinus) mimics the Banded sea snake (Laticauda colubrina) an extremely toxic species with conspicuous black and white warning colouration

  22. More Batesian mimicry The mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus)has the ability to mimic other aquatic creatures in order to avoid predation

  23. Müllerian mimicry Many stinging wasps, like (from left to right) Vespula vulgaris, Vespula germanica and Vespula rufa share the same or similar black and yellow color pattern.

  24. Müllerian mimicry Subspecies of Heliconius erato (left-hand column) and of H. melpomene on the right. Both species are toxic and form a local mimicry ring from a different area of Ecuador or northern Peru

  25. The use of black and yellow as a warning sign(RESEMBLING POISINOUS SPECIES)

  26. Peckhamian mimicry This angler fish (Antenarius sp.) displays a lure resembling a small fish

  27. Angler fish: • http://www.arkive.org/anglerfish/lophius-piscatorius/video-08.html

  28. Peckhamian mimicry In its mouth, the Alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temminckii) possesses a wormlike projection that is moved to attract prey into the turtle’s mouth

  29. More Peckhamian mimicry Some spiders like the Synemosyninae and the genus Myrmarachne mimic ants that they hunt

  30. More Peckhamian mimicry Lightning bugs (Lampiridae) have specific flash sequences to find eachother. Females of the genus Photurus can imitate the flash sequence of Photunis females in order to attract male wich they will devour .

  31. Peckhamian mimicry in carnivorous plants The fly orchid (Ophrys insectifera) and the Venus Flytrap, (Dionaea muscipula) attract insects that they digest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIGVtKdgwo

  32. Wasmannian mimicry Reichenbachia spatulifer Araeoschizus sp. Some beetles mimic ants in order to be provided with food, shelter and protection

  33. Camouflage The moth Datana sp. (Notodontidae)mimics the rain forest floor

  34. Camouflage The frog Paradoxophyla palmata mimics the mud and tree trunks in its environment.

  35. Camouflage The pygmy seahorse Hippocampus bargibanti mimics gorgonian corals of the genus Muricella

  36. Camouflage The great bittern Botaurus stellarisis pretty well camouflaged in its natural habitat

  37. Octopus camouflage: • http://www.ted.com/talks/david_gallo_shows_underwater_astonishments.html

  38. 15 Mar • Movie: “Evolutionary Arms Race”

  39. 18 Mar • Opener: Page 287 in our book talks a lot about “chance and selection” in regard to evolution. How does “chance and selection” summarize evolution? • Agenda • Review for Unit 8 Exam • Homework • Unit 8 Exam Tomorrow

  40. 19 Mar • Test day: Unit 8 Exam

  41. 20 Mar • Review for Q3 Exam

  42. 24 Mar • Quarter 3 exam

  43. Extra Slides

  44. 4 Apr • Opener • Agenda • Welcome Back! New Seats • Review natural selection • Artificial Selection • Homework • Read p. 287 and 8.2 (again) • BRING BOOK TOMORROW

  45. Examples of Natural Selection • In a group of Zebras, some are fast, some are slow • Lions catch the slowest zebras first • Slow zebras are often killed before they can reproduce • Therefore, the genes for slowness don’t get passed on, but the genes for fastness do • Over time, the population of zebras becomes faster • How else could a population of Zebras change to avoid being eaten? • How do you think the population of lions changes?

  46. 5 Apr • Opener: Page 287 in our book talks a lot about “chance and selection” in regard to evolution. How does “chance and selection” summarize evolution? • Agenda • Chapter 8 participation assignment • Co-evolution/mimicry • Homework • None

  47. 6 Apr • Agenda • Mimicry • Start “Evolutionary Arms Race”

  48. 7 Apr • Agenda • Finish “Evolutionary Arms Race” • Review for Quiz

  49. Evolution is not disputed among mainstream scientists – how it occurs is.

  50. Evidence for Evolutionby Natural Selection

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