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Academic writing

Academic writing. March 8 th 2012. Basics of writing 1. The units of writing can be arranged as follows: Your mind  your hand  letters  words  _________  __________ ___________  books. Basics of writing 1. For this class: Sentences Paragraphs Essays. Today. Sentences

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Academic writing

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  1. Academic writing March 8th 2012

  2. Basics of writing 1 • The units of writing can be arranged as follows: • Your mind  your hand  letters  words  _________ __________ ___________  books.

  3. Basics of writing 1 • For this class: • SentencesParagraphsEssays

  4. Today • Sentences • These are the building blocks of a paragraph.

  5. Sentences • Well-constructed sentences are essential for effective writing. • Sentences are made up of clauses.

  6. Clauses • The building blocks of sentences • A clause is a group of words that contains (at least) a subject and a verb. e.g., ClausesNot clauses Mikejumps to protect the environmentJackis crazy after working all day because pollutioncauses cancer

  7. Clauses • There are two kinds of clauses: • Independent (The sun rose.) • Dependent (…when the sun rose.)

  8. Clauses • Independent clause: • Contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. • It can stand alone as a sentence.

  9. Clauses • Independent clause: • Formed with a subject and a verb (and a complement). • Subject verb (compliment) • The sun roseSnow melts quickly in the sun.

  10. Clauses • Dependent clause: • Does not express a complete thought, so cannot be a sentence by itself. • Sometimes called a sentence fragment.

  11. Clauses • Dependent clause: • Formed with a subordinator, a subject, and a verb. • Subordinatorsubjectverb (compliment) • …when the sun rose…because snow melts quickly in the sun… • …if the storm continues for another day…

  12. Clauses • Some subordinators: • After although • How since • Because wherever • Whom which

  13. Kinds of sentences • Simple sentences (one independent clause). • I like boshintang. • Freshwater boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.

  14. Kinds of sentences • Compound sentences two or more independent clauses joined together: • With a coordinator Political science requires a lot of time, so I must work harder. • With a conjunctive adverb Political science requires a lot of work; therefore, I must work harder. • With a semicolon Political science requires a lot of work; I must work harder.

  15. Kinds of sentences • Complex sentences one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause(s). • A citizen can vote in the United Stateswhen he or she is 18 years old. • Although women in the United States could own property, they could not vote until 1920.

  16. Homework • For next class (Tuesday) • 1. go to the website, and read the information on sentence types and clauses. • Download the sentence types worksheet, and complete it. 2. Journal entry 1: Write a paragraph about your experience in the first week of your university life.

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