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Canada 6.2 History and Culture

Canada 6.2 History and Culture. Bell-Ringer: What is an important item in Canada?. First Civilizations. The First Nations: The Cree hunted bison on the Interior plains. The Inuit hunted seals, whales, and walruses in the far north. Today, Canada has about 400,000 Indians and Inuit.

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Canada 6.2 History and Culture

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  1. Canada 6.2 History and Culture Bell-Ringer: What is an important item in Canada?

  2. First Civilizations • The First Nations: • The Cree hunted bison on the Interior plains. • The Inuit hunted seals, whales, and walruses in the far north. • Today, Canada has about 400,000 Indians and Inuit. • Vikings settled on Newfoundland in AD 1000, but abandoned settlements. • 1400s: Other European settlers arrived. • Europeans traded metal goods like axes and guns for furs that Native Canadians supplied.

  3. New France • 1608: The French established Quebec City. • At its height, New France included much of eastern Canada and central United States. • New France was part of the French Empire. • To defend New France against the British, the French established good trade and diplomatic relations with Native Canadians. • French missionaries also converted people to Christianity. • After 150 years, the British defeated the French, but the cultural legacy remained.

  4. British Conquest • Mid-1700s: The British took control of New France after winning the French and Indian War. • Most French stayed. • The British divided Quebec into two colonies and established part of the border between today’s provinces of Quebec and Ontario. • Provinces are administrative divisions of a country. • Few English-speaking settlers came to Quebec. • Nova Scotia was divided. • The new British colony of New Brunswick was created.

  5. Establishment of Canada • Each colony developed separately at first. • 1867: Parliament created the Dominion of Canada. • 1885: The transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway was built to connect British Columbia, on the Pacific Coast, with provinces in the east. • Canada acquired new lands in the north, mainly by buying them from the Hudson’s Bay Company, a fur-trading business. • Canada also signed treaties with Native Canadians.

  6. Immigration • Late 1800s/early 1900s: Immigrants arrived from Europe and the U.S. to farm and work in mines, factories, and forests. • 1897: Discovery of gold in the Yukon Territory lured more immigrants. • Chinese immigrants came to work on the railroad. • Early 1900s: Economic boom • Quebec, New Brunswick, and Ontario produced wheat, pulp, and paper. • British Columbia and Ontario supplied minerals and hydroelectricity. • 1940s: Canada enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the world.

  7. Migration • After WWII: New immigration from Europe • Many settled in cities. • Toronto became one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world with people from Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, Latin American, and Asia. • Recently, Canadians have moved • To cities in Ontario to find jobs • To Vancouver, British Columbia for jobs and climate • Political and economic centers are Ottawa, Toronto, and Montreal.

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