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NEANDERTALS

NEANDERTALS. La Chapelle (France) skull and reconstruction. Neandertals: Premodern Humans of the Late Pleistocene. Neandertals are typically placed by researchers into a separate species: Homo neanderthalensis .

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NEANDERTALS

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  1. NEANDERTALS La Chapelle (France) skull and reconstruction

  2. Neandertals: Premodern Humans of the Late Pleistocene • Neandertals are typically placed by researchers into a separate species: Homo neanderthalensis. • Brain Size: Larger than H. sapiens today (1520 cm3 compared to 1300-1400 cm3 (perhaps adapted to cold climate). • Cranium: Large, long, low, and bulging at the sides. • Structure: Robust, barrel-chested, and powerfully muscled with shorter limbs than modern H. sapiens.

  3. Upper Paleolithic • A cultural period usually associated with modern humans, but also found with some Neandertals, and distinguished by technological innovation in various stone tool industries. • Best known from western Europe, similar industries are also known from central and eastern Europe and Africa.

  4. La Chapelle-aux-Saints Skull • Note the occipital bun, projecting face, and low vault.

  5. St. Césaire • St. Césaire, among the “last” Neandertals.

  6. Krapina Cranium • Lateral view showing characteristic Neandertal traits (a) and three-quarters view (b).

  7. Shanidar 1 • “A one-armed, partially blind, crippled man could have made no pretense of hunting or gathering his own food. That he survived for years after his trauma was a testament to Neandertal compassion and humanity”

  8. Shanidar Cave • In Shanidar cave, in the Zagros Mountains of northeastern Iraq, fieldworkers found partial skeletons of nine individuals, four of them deliberately buried. • Shanidar 1 is a skeleton of a male who lived to be 30 to 45 years old, a very old age for prehistoric human. • His height is estimated at 5 feet 7 inches, and his cranial capacity is 1,600 cm3. • He had injuries that made it impossible to perform normal activities leading researches to believe he must have been helped by others.

  9. Central Asia • Teshik-Tash site in Usbvekistan remains of Neandertal child associated with tools of the Mousterian industry • Southern Siberia remains DNA evidence of Neandertal genetic pattern

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