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考研英语阅读理解

考研英语阅读理解. Andy@tronest.cn. 考研英语阅读理解. 总论 传统阅读 选段填空 段落排序 标题匹配. 考研英语阅读理解总论. 阅读能力 阅读速度. Components of Reading Abilities. 张 Andy http://www.tronest.cn. OUTLINE. What do you rely on to achieve comprehension? What stand in the way of comprehension?

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考研英语阅读理解

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  1. 考研英语阅读理解 Andy@tronest.cn

  2. 考研英语阅读理解 • 总论 • 传统阅读 • 选段填空 • 段落排序 • 标题匹配

  3. 考研英语阅读理解总论 • 阅读能力 • 阅读速度

  4. Components of Reading Abilities 张Andy http://www.tronest.cn

  5. OUTLINE • What do you rely on to achieve comprehension? • What stand in the way of comprehension? • What are components of reading abilities?

  6. Two Excerpts • 冻合玉楼寒起粟，光摇银海眩生花。 • He was terribly, tragically sad. His family, friends and minister gathered around his bed. They were all deeply sad too. Only his therapist and his accountant remained happy. (P65) What do you depend on to achieve comprehension?

  7. Difficulties • Fish fish fish. • Forbidden fruit is sweet. • The mirror told me a story. • They can fish here. • Apart from complementary distribution, a phoneme may sometimes have free variants. • He turned on the light. He helped Carla to her feet and took hold of the ghost. (P71) 我是胖人，不是粗人。 令堂可是令尊表姐？ 狂奔的蜗牛。 咬死了猎人的狗。 除了互补分布之外，音位有时可能也有自由变体。

  8. Components Working Memory • Word Recognition • Syntactic Parsing • Semantic Construction • Text Model • Situation Model • Background Knowledge Executive Control

  9. 1. Word Recognition • The most fundamental requirement for fluent reading comprehension is and word recognition. rapid automatic Unconsciously and cannot be suppressed Four to five words per second Rapidity and automaticity apply as well to the other 7 processes.

  10. 2. Syntactic Parsing • How do you analyze the following sentence? • There are things you would love to hear that you would never hear from the person whom you would like to hear them from; but do not be so deaf as not to hear it from the one who says it from his heart.

  11. 3. Semantic Construction • A third basic process that starts up automatically as we begin any reading task is the process of combining word meanings and structural information into basic clause-level meaning units. • They can fish here.

  12. 4. Text Model • The text model of comprehension is a set of main ideas that the reader develops . It amounts to an internal summary of main ideas.

  13. 5. Situation Model • Almost immediately the reader will begin to interpret the information from the text in terms of his or her own goals, feelings and background expectations. This explains the existence of different interpretations of a single text. An example：The Road Not Taken

  14. 5. Situation Model Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, ① ③ And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. ② ④

  15. 6. Background Knowledge • As the reader transforms information from clause-level meaning units to the text model of comprehension and then to the elaborated situation model of reader interpretation, background knowledge takes on the most importance (in inferring) . Refer to the previous examples

  16. 7. Working Memory • Working memory keeps information active for one or two seconds while it carries out the appropriate processes. If processing of active information is not done quickly enough, the information fades away and must be reactivated, taking more resources and making the reading process inefficient.

  17. 8. Executive Control • Text Model and Situation Model construction require the abilities to oversee, or monitor, comprehension, use strategies as needed, reassess and reestablish goals, and repair comprehension problems.

  18. Increasing Reading Speed 张Andy http://www.tronest.cn

  19. OUTLINE • What is an adequate speed? • How fast do you read? • What affect reading speed? • How to improve reading speed?

  20. 1. What is an adequate speed? Scanning For specific info. 600 wpm Skimming For the gist 450 wpm Rauding Representative 300 wpm Learning For knowledge 200 wpm Memorizing For facts / data 130 wpm (Carver, 1990) Syllabus

  21. 1. What is an adequate speed? Level 0 2 4 6 8 NA 1000/5 1300/5 1600/5 Speed NA Learning 60 70-120 120-180 140-180 NA

  22. 2. How fast do you read? TEST Sailing Round the World Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931. The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.

  23. 3. What affect reading speed? • Reading Purposes • Reading Habits • Reading Abilities • Reading Skills • Reading Materials • Reading Teaching

  24. 4. How to improve reading speed? • Reading Purposes • Be Purposeful, Flexible • Reading Habits • Improve Habits • Reading Abilities • Strengthen Abilities • Reading Skills • Develop Skills • Reading Materials • Select Materials • Reading Teaching • Reform Teaching

  25. 4. How to improve reading speed? • Suggested Activities • Self-paced reading • Faster reading • Repeated reading • Reading Software The increase of reading speed demands a conscious speed training (with a regular record).

  26. 考研英语传统阅读理解 • 命题形式 • 整体分析 • 考点分析 • 应试准备 • 问题类型 • 解题步骤

  27. 考研英语传统阅读理解命题形式 • 该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。 • A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）（2012：429+157+441+164+440+167+435+166=1745+654=2399，2011：2316）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。 详见大纲解读

  28. 考研英语传统阅读理解整体分析 • 来源：The Economist、Time、Newsweek等 • 题材：生活、经济、文化、教育、科学等 • 体裁：议论文、说明文等 • 字数：平均425+160 • 题型：从局部的词义等到整体的主旨等

  29. 考研英语传统阅读理解考点 • 词汇 • 词义关系：近义、反义、多义、上下义；惯用语 • 语法 • 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句 • 结构 • 常见句型、句际联系、段落关系、篇章结构

  30. 考研英语传统阅读理解应试准备 • 词汇 • 丰富词汇数量+质量（搭配、多义、构词） • 语法 • 系统复习、查缺补漏 • 结构 • 积累常见句式、熟悉文章结构 • 阅读 • 提高阅读速度（学会应付生词）

  31. 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 • 具体信息、推理引申、主旨要义、 • 观点态度、语义理解、篇章结构 • … is mentioned to suggest that … • By citing …, the author intends to show… • The author quotes the example … to show … • What does the author intend to illustrate with… • In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by … • George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to …

  32. 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 • 2011年真题问题 • 21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has • 22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is • 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers • 24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? • 25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels

  33. 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 • 2011年真题问题 • 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being • 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by • 28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means • 29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that • 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

  34. 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 • 2011年真题问题 • 31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are • 32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature • 33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media • 34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of • 35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?

  35. 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 • 2011年真题问题 • 36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring • 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that • 38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks • 39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is • 40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

  36. 解题步骤 • 通读全文、了解大意 • 依次做题、逐段推理 • 时间允许、难题重读

  37. 考研英语阅读理解B节 • 命题形式 • 整体分析 • 考点分析 • 应试准备 • 解题步骤

  38. 考研英语阅读理解B节命题形式 • B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。 • 1）选段填空：本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600（2012：395+243=638）词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。 详见大纲解读

  39. 考研英语阅读理解B节命题形式 • 2）段落排序：在一篇长度约500~600（2010：626，2011：575）词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3（2010：1，2011：2）个段落在文章中的位置已给出。 • 3）标题搭配：在一篇长度为500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。 详见大纲解读

  40. 考研英语阅读理解B节整体分析

  41. 考研英语阅读理解B节考点分析 • 衔接 • 指称、替代、连接词、词义关系 • 结构 • 段落大意、主题思想、篇章结构 • 语法 • 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句

  42. 考研英语阅读理解B节应试准备 • 结构 • 概括总结、分析结构、理清思路 • 词汇 • 注意词汇衔接手段（词义关系） • 语法 • 系统复习、查缺补漏

  43. 考研英语阅读理解B节解题步骤 • 选段填空 • （首段）→选项→正文→核查 • 段落排序 • 逐段阅读→首段/末段/已知段→核查 • 标题匹配 • （首段）→选项→正文→核查

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