EMMA Commissioning Planning, timescales and resources

1. EMMA Commissioning Planning, timescales and resources Susan Smith

2. Contents • ALICE introduction and status • ALICE Programme • EMMA Status • Shift working on ALICE/EMMA • Who will commission EMMA ?

3. ALICE Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments Parameter Value Nominal Gun Energy 350 keV Injector Energy 8.35 MeV Max. Energy 35 MeV Linac RF Frequency 1.3 GHz Max Bunch Charge 80 pC Emittance 5-15 mm-mrad EMMA

4. Status • 1st operation in UK of a low emittance photoinjector gun (August 2006) • Commissioning of a 2K cryogenic plant (May 2007) • 1st operation in UK of high gradient SCRF cavities (June-Sept 2007) • SC Module failure and 3 separate failures injector ceramic • Energy recovery (December 2008) Injection transport • Bunching and capture • Arc transport • Compression chicane steering • Energy matching • First THz (January 2008) • Short bunches in ALICE!

5. Full Energy Recovery 20.8 MeV operation Full energy recovery demonstrated on ALICE 20 December 2008. The accelerator has been tuned for transport of the 20.8 MeV beam. The green and dark blue traces show the reduction to “zero” in RF demand on both linac cavities when the (pale blue) beam is decelerated through the cavities.

6. Status • 1st operation in UK of a low emittance photoinjector gun (August 2006) • Commissioning of a 2K cryogenic plant (May 2007) • 1st operation in UK of high gradient SCRF cavities (June-Sept 2007) • SC Module failure and 3 separate failures injector ceramic • Energy recovery (December 2008) Injection transport • Bunching and capture • Arc transport • Compression chicane steering • Energy matching • First THz (January 2008) • Short bunches in ALICE!

7. ALICE • Operating parameters • 21 MeV limited by LINAC module • 6-20 pC was limited by cathode lifetime • Injector set-up still not standard exercise • 100 micro seconds train (issues with beam loading) • Operating hybrid mode • Access for installation 5 days / week • Accelerator studies • THz set-up } (7 evenings + 2 days) /week

8. ALICE - not just an Energy Recovery Linac Wiggler Mobile laser E-BEAM CBS X-ray CBS Phase I EO diagnostic 532 nm IR FEL IR FEL 4-6um 4-6um Phase II THz Photogun laser TW Laser

9. THz Programme & Tissue Culture Facility A world-unique facility allowing the effect of high peak power / high rep rate THz on living cells to be investigated. Weightman et al University of Liverpool University of Nottingham THz has important role in security screening

10. CBS experiment : Phase I Head on 180o photon-electron collisions (relaxed synchronisation requirements) • X-ray source characterisation • spectrum • X-ray pulse duration • brightness (number of photons Np ) • Electron bunch / laser pulse time jitter • shot-to-shot variations in energy spectra and Np • better resolution expected in phase II • First pump/probe experiment • (but this more likely to be done during phase II) • -Laser pulse travels through the length of the electron bunch • X-ray pulse length ~ electron bunch length • relaxed synchronisation requirements First X-ray pulses June 2009

11. Science Beyond Energy Recovery • EMMA – the first NS FFAG • Accelerator physics research • Photoinjector upgrade, load lock system and diagnostics line • High average current accelerator module • Photocathode research and testing (using the upgraded gun) • Linac Transfer Matrix Investigation • Beam Tomography @ High Bunch Charges and Low Energy • Laser slicing • Micro-bunching? • Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) on ALICE • CBS X-ray source • IR and THz research programme • Tissue Culture Laboratory @ ALICE • Exciting pump – probe research programme with all ALICE light sources: • TW laser (10TW, 100 / 35 fs, 10Hz) • IR FEL (~4mm, ~15MW peak, ~1ps, ~10mJ) • fs tunable laser • THz radiation (broadband) • CBS X-ray source (15-30keV, 107 – 108 photons/pulse, <1ps)

12. ALICE Programme (evolving!)

13. Tunable IR FEL JLAB IR Demo Wiggler • Tunability by varying : • electron energy (24-35MeV) • undulator gap (12-20mm) Motor and In Line Gearbox l = 4-12 mm Encoders

14. ALICE Programme (evolving!) EMMA phase 1 grant ends March 2011

15. Injector upgrade ALICE photocathode gun equipped with a photocathode preparation & exchange facility • Improved vacuum conditions • Reduction of contamination from caesium ions • Improved gun stability under high voltage • Reduced time for photocathode changeover, from weeks to hours • Higher quantum efficiency • Allows practical experiments with photocathodes activated to different electron affinity levels

16. Cryomodule 2 x 9-cell 1.3 GHz cavity ERLP Module 10 kW CW fixed coupling FPC

17. EMMA Status • Design phase of the project is complete • Procurement is underway with major contracts placed • Major components started to arrive in October 2008 • Off-line build is in progress at Daresbury and installation of the ALICE to EMMA injection line is underway

18. Schedule Off line build of modules Oct 2008 - Aug 2009 Installation in ALICE Accelerator Hall Mar - Sep 2009 Test systems in Accelerator Hall Jul - Oct 2009 Injection line ready for beam October 2009 EMMA ring ready for beam 31st Oct 2009 1st stage commissioning e- starting Nov 2009

19. Off Line Assembly Injection Line Modules 6 Cell Ring Module 1/7th of Circumference

20. ALICE Accelerator Hall EMMA injection line First 6 cell girder

21. Some major hardware systems

22. Daresbury Shift Working • There is traditionally a three shift a day pattern. • Shift 1 00:00-08:00 • Shift 2 08:00 – 16:00 • Shift 3 16:00- 24:00 • Constraints are • Staff available for the shifts • Access requirements to the area for maintenance and installation work • Plan for next running period, ALICE will operate • 4 days of morning and evening (shift 2 & shift 3) with beam • 4 days of evenings, shift 3 only with beam, to allow EMMA installation work

23. ALICE Commissioning Experience • Night shift, Shift 1 can be run for routine, repetitive and well defined tasks. E.g. Gun conditioning. Transfers on to and off night shifts makes their use inefficient. • If you need technical support, morning shifts ie. Shift 2, is most efficient as all technical groups are on site. There is an call-out system for most beam critical systems. • If you need peace and quiet, with no interruptions for access etc. shifts 3&1, evening and night shifts are best • It can be inefficient to run single shifts because of the accelerator start up time • Three shift running is difficult because of resource limitations • Large block of 2 shifts leaves very little time for catching up, analysis or reactive planning with current resource

24. Who Operates ALICE? • Key Commissioning Staff • Accelerator physics • RF & Diagnostics • Vacuum • Commissioning Staff • Other experimentalists • Other ASTeC staff members • Photon science department staff • Cockcroft university participants • International visitors

25. Who Will Commission EMMA? • Daresbury Technical groups • ASTeC • Vacuum science • Magnets and radiation group • Accelerator physics • RF • Daresbury Engineering • Controls (hardware, software & personnel safety) • Electrical and power supplies • Diagnostics • Vacuum support • Cockcroft university staff and students • Conform collaborators (IC, Adams etc.) • Other UK institutes/universities • International collaborators

26. Commitment! • EMMA Commissioning Task List • Institute statements of intent • Collaboration agreements • Individual participation EMMA/ALICE ops/planning has to understand the level and nature of institute/individual contribution to plan resources, training, task schedule etc. Institutes/individuals have to commit to task delivery/responsibility to get the most out of “the EMMA experience” Win ---Win!!!!