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Evaluating LBJ's Success in Implementing the Great Society

This analysis explores Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs and their effectiveness in addressing poverty, civil rights, health care, and education. The overview highlights LBJ's background, his connection to FDR's New Deal, and the political landscape during his presidency, including the landmark 1964 and 1965 elections. Key policies, such as Medicare and the Civil Rights Act, are examined alongside the challenges of funding and the escalating Vietnam War. The socio-political impact of these initiatives on various minority groups and future generations is also discussed.

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Evaluating LBJ's Success in Implementing the Great Society

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  1. M4/2/12; M4/4/11 LBJ’s Great Society (Ch. 30.3; pp. 851-861) Q: How successful was LBJ in creating his Great Society?

  2. I. Overview • New Deal Dem – FDR’s influence • Sen. Maj. Leader – powerful • “accidental president” • Great Society & Vietnam

  3. II. Initial Policies A. War on Poverty • VISTA • dom. peace corps • Job Corps • Head Start – pre-K educ. • public housing

  4. II. Initial Policies (cont.) B. Civil Rights • dedicate issue to JFK • Southerner - TX • important leg. • Civil Rights Act of 1964 – fed enforcement • Voting Rights Act of 1965 – after Selma C. Tax Reduction • liberalism? • $$$ for policies?

  5. III. 1964 Election A. Candidates • - Barry Goldwater – Rep (AZ) • - LBJ – Dem. (TX) - “moderate” • - George Wallace challenged Dem B. Issues • - civil rights • - nuclear weapons • - Vietnam • - gov’t role • - federal vs. state debate

  6. III. 1964 Election (cont.) C. Results • “landslide Lyndon” • 61% - one of only 4 presidents to have 60+% • Congressional majority – • 2/3 Dem • similar to ND • “full Johnson” • massive leg. • modeled FDR’s 100 Days

  7. IV. Great Society A. Medical • Medicare (elderly) • Medicaid (poor) B. Education • federal $$ to educ. • built off Sputnik’s role C. Civil Rights (more below) D. Arts & Humanities • NEA, • Public Broadcasting Act (1967) • CPB, PBS, NPR

  8. IV. Great Society E. Immigration Reform • Immigration & Nationality Act of 1965 (Hart-Cellar Act) • Loosens restrictions • Latinos, Asians F. Environment & Pollution • Clean Water Act • Clean Air Act • eventual creation of EPA (under Nixon) G. New Cabinet Positions – • Transp. & HUD • Robert C. Weaver (1st African-Amer.) • 1966 HUD

  9. IV. Great Society (cont.) • - Great Society • - requires lots of $$$ • - where is money? • Vietnam

  10. V. Civil Rights A. Civil Rights Organizations • CORE – older • SCLC – religious leaders • SNCC – later, youth • NAACP – older, more m-c • different goals, esp. over time B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • ends de jureseg. • federal enforcement • limited voting rights

  11. V. Civil Rights (cont.) C. MS Freedom Summer Project - 1964 • register black voters • college students • biracial • white resistance • 3 c.r. workers disappear • “Mississippi Burning” • federal role - FBI

  12. V. Civil Rights (cont.) D. Selma, AL – MLK – 1965 • continued abuses • police brutality • role of TV • white sympathy E. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • federal enforcement • S. black voting 1M →3.1M • S. black political voice

  13. V. Civil Rights F. Riots & “Long Hot Summers”, 1965-68 • Watts (LA) – Aug. 1965 • Detroit, Newark, many cities • MLK ass’n – April 1968 • southern vs. northern black experience • resentment towards de facto seg & racism • urban blight • “white flight” • gov’t response – • KernerReport • white backlash • (more on 1968 election)

  14. VI. Impact of Civil Rights A. Impact on other Minority Groups • “Balkanization” • gender/ethnic/racial identity • used similar methods • Native Americans – AIM • Latinos – Cesar Chavez/bilingual educ. • Asian Americans • Gays/Lesbians

  15. VI. Impact of Civil Rights B. Women • Feminist movement • Betty Friedan – Feminine Mystique • NOW (National Organization for Women) • ERA Amendment • gender equity • birth control pill • sexual revolution

  16. VII. Warren Court • liberal court • expansion of rights of criminals • Wainwright v. Gideon – public defender • Mappv. Ohio – obtaining of evidence • Miranda v. Arizona – “read your rights”

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