Chapter Ten English for International Shipping Business and Writing

1. Chapter TenEnglish for International Shipping Business and Writing • Part One Logbook （第一次授课内容） • Before you read

2. Part One Logbook • Have a picture talk with the following words logbook [5lR^bJk] n. 航海日志 produce [prE5dju:s] vt. 出示 erasure [i5reiVE] n. 刮擦，删掉 signature [5si^nitFE] n. 签字 harbour [5hB:bE] n. 港口

3. Harbour

4. Introduction Logbook is used to record the full, daily events occurring during the ship’s stay in a harbour, at anchorage, or underway. It is a legal record required by law. It may be requested to produce evidences in case of official inquires about accidents. Therefore everything recorded in it must be true and accurate. In case a misentry has been made in the log, a red line should be drawn on the parts and the correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.

5. Passage One Deck logs engine room Quarantine anchorage • 1.1 Port entry • 0830 Notified E.R to change oil. • 0900 S/B eng., half ah’d. • 0925 St’d anchor ready, stopped eng. • 0930 Dropped anchor at Q’tine anchorage, • AP North L.H 293 T, 3′ off. • 0938 Brought up with 4 shkls in water. • 0940 F/W eng. • 1000 Inspected Party boarded, • 1010 pratique granted. • 1020 Plt Mr M Kassin boarded 锚抓牢

6. 1025 S/B eng. 1026 Started heaving anchor, 1032 Anchor aweigh. 1033 Half ah’d. 1059 P’d B.W.E., stationed F & A. 1105 Took tug Satex on St’d bow, using eng. And tug var’ly at Capt.and Plt orders 1132 F’d spring on bollard, 1134 VSL in position. 1135 Made her fast port alongside Di Pietia. Plt & inspection party left. 1137 F/W eng.

7. Port Departure • 1.2 Port departure • 1200 Bridge controls & steering gear tested • & found good. • 1230 Plt Mr Green Boarded. • 1235 Stationed F & A for leaving port. • 1240 Took Tug Ever on st’d bow & Tug • Ana on st’d quarter. • 1241 S/B eng. • 1245 Single up F& A. • 1248 Cast off all lines. 单绑，只留下(开航前解掉其他缆绳后)

8. 1250 Picked up Anchor. 1252 Proceeded to sea at Capt & Plt orders, using eng. & tugs var’ly as required. 1259 P’d B.W.E. 1312 Entrance Buoy 035T 1′.5 off, let go tugs. 1325 Entrance Light Vessel beamed port. Stopped eng. & Tug Ever took plt off. 1326 Eng. full ah’d, dismissed stations F & A. 1330 R/up eng.

9. Steaming at Sea • 1.3 Steaming at sea • 2330 P’d Conventry L. H. on 090T 4′off & S/C • on 120. log 0′.0. • M.N. Fine but c. w/r, sea slight. Rounds made, • all’s well. Regulation L’ts strictly observed. • DR 50- 30.6N 001-12.4W,log 7′.5. • 0010 Cape Roodi port ab’m.,11′.8 off. • 0230 Hoggy I. brg 045, 20′.2 off, A/C 250. • 0400 Fine, sea mod, Rounds made & all’s well. • DR 50-00.2N 001-40.0W, log 67′.2 • 0632 Nav fix 49-50.2N 002-15.1W. • 0650 DR 49-50.0N 002-20.0W, A/C 225. • Reset log showing 113′.0. • 0800 Strong br’ze & dull o’cast w/r, sea v. rough. • DR 49-39.4N 002-26.6W.Log 18′.20.

10. Noon Near gale sprung up & sea heaped up. A/C 230 & reset log showing76′.3. 1500 Fresh Br’ze & sea mod. Fire drills. Emergency equip. & apparatus tested. 1600 Drills finished, all found good. Str’g br’ze & sea rough, log 66′.2. 1846 Stellar ob’n fix 48-17.2 N 004-06.7W. 2000 Strong br’ze & o’cast, sea v.rough. Nav. trouble, repaired and tested

11. O.K DR 48-06.3N 004-18.3W. Regulation L’t strictly attended to. Rounds made found well, log128′.3. M.N. Strong gale & sea high, with heavy rain at times. VSL labouring roughly & shipping seas on F deck. Capt inspected all over the VSL, log 188′.1. 0400 Gale abated and sea mod. Round made and nothing found, log 246′.3. 0800 Mod br’ze & small waves. Met with Co’s MV Blue Stream on Stb’d 3′.0 off .

12. Cargo Operations • 1.4 Cargo operations • 1040 Com’ced discharging cargo with two cranes as follows: • NO.1 crane 1040-1740, rubber in bales. • No.2 crane 1150-1710, bagged rice. • Com’ced bunkering • Noon Gentle breeze and fine clear wr. • Moderate breeze & fine to cloudy wr. • 1610 Completed bunkering & supplied 121.9 M/T of D. • Oil & 1509.9 M/T of F. Oil. • 1710 Stop’d discharging cargo owing to crane trouble. • 1805 Resumed cargo work. • No.1 crane 1900 finished rubber, com’ced timber board. • NO.2 crane 1845 finished rice, com’ced soya meal.

13. Moderate breeze & blue sky. M.N. Continued cargo work through the night . Rounds made. All’s well. 0100 Kept discharging & com’ced loading cargo as follows: No.1 crane 0100 finished T.board, com’ced fertilizer. No.2 crane 0250 finished soya meal, com’ced l’dg bagged talc. 0400 Near gale sprang up. Rounds made. All’s well. 0800 Winds abated, drizzling at times. Noon Dull o’cast wr. Received provisions.

14. 1530 Tested & inspected the steering systems & other navigational equipments & found them in good condition. L’dg & unl’dg finished. 1600 Gentle breeze & o’cast wr. Covered up & lashed dangerous cargo on fore deck. 1645 Completed cargo work in this port. Inspected each hold & compartment containing hazardous materials & found them in good condition. 1700 Hands striking derricks, battening down hatches & clearing up decks.

15. Dock Entry • 1.5 Dock entry • 0805 Dock master Mr. Sumsang boarded. • 0815 Stationed for entering dry dock, took • tug T1301 on bow, T1404 on starb’d q’ter • and T1571 on p. q’ter respecteively. • 0820 Proceeded to dry dock under tow of above tugs. • 0845 Approaching dock entrance, let go tugs. • 0850 Set out shore lines. P’d dock gate. • 0910 Made her fast to No.1 dry dock.

16. 0915 Closed dock caisson 0920 Started pumping out water. 1100 VSL took keel blocks, began shoring up. 1500 Having finished shoring, dock hands com’ced washing and cleaning vsl’s sides. 1520 Dock dried up. All officers inspected VSL’s bottom and rudder. 1630 Screwed off bottom plugs of all double bottom tanks and rudder.

17. 1640 Lifted up rudder. 1650 Ranged down both anchor cables on dock floor. 1700 Surveyor Mr. Kern surveyed hull, rudder, anchors and cables. 1720 Com’ced flooding the dock. 1800 VSL floated. 1830 Stationed for undocking. Dock Master MR. Sumsang boarded. 1840 Took Tug T1301 on stern, and started to haul her out.

18. 1850 Cleared dock gate. 1900 Took anchor tug T1401 on bow and proceeded to the wharf. 1945 Sent shore lines out. 1955 Made fast to No.2 Wharf with her portside and finished undocking. 2000 Dock Master and dock hands left VSL. 2050 Dismissed the station.

19. Vocabulary • AP: anchor position锚位 • bring up 抓牢 • inspection party 联检人员组 • heave anchor 绞锚 • aweigh [E5wei] adj. (指锚) 刚离开水面的 • station [5steiFEn] vt. 安排（瞭望，值班等） • take tug 系带拖船 • make her fast 将（船）系牢 • bridge controls & steering gear驾驶台控制与操作装置 • single up …to… 解成单绑，to 后接具体缆绳名称

20. R/up eng. ring up engine主机定速 rounds [raundz] n. 巡视,巡逻 regulation L’t 规则规定的航行灯 dull o’cast (dull overcast)阴天 spring up（风等）突起 heap up 堆积，堆起 fire drills 消防演习 stellar [5stelE] adj. 星的，星球的 shipping seas 甲板上浪 abate [E5beit] vt. 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 缓和, 打折扣

21. Shipping Seas

22. Vocabulary • rubber in bales 捆装橡胶 • M/T: Metric Tonne 公吨 • Soya meal 豆渣 • fertilizer [5fE:ti7laizE] n. 化肥 • hazardous materials危险货物 • strike derricks落放吊杆 • batten down封舱 • Dock Master 坞长 • dry dock 干船坞 • dock caisson 坞门

23. 卷扬式吊杆安装示意图

24. dock caisson 坞门

25. dock caisson 坞门

26. 中间坞门

27. Battern Down封藏堵补漏

28. drydock

29. 船坞清洗

31. keel block 坞墩 bottom plug 海底阀 rang down 把……排列在…… undock [5Qn5dCk] vat. 出坞 haul [hC:l] vat. & vi. 拖，拉 Notes 1. And tug var’ly at Capt.and Plt orders 拖轮根据船长和引水员的命令用车速度不定。 2. rough 巨浪 （=very rough sea） 3. received provisions （给）船舶补给了食品（伙食）。

32. keel block 坞墩

33. keel block 坞墩

34. Drydock repairing 坞修

35. Ship’s Derricks

37. 航海日志写作记录参考知识 • 1. 综合知识 • Gyro C 陀螺航向。用三位数表示，不足三位数时用0补齐。 • Gyro E 陀螺罗经差。精确到小数点后1位数字。 • Comp C 磁罗经航向。用三位数字表示，不足三位数时用0补齐。 • Dev. 自差。精确到小数点后1位数字。Var. 磁差。精确到小数点后1位数字。 • True C 真航向。（True C = Gyro C + Gyro E, True C = Comp C +Dev.+Var.） • W Dir: 真风向。用四基点（E, S, W, N）、四隅点（NE, SE, SW, NW）及三字点（NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW, WSW, WNN, NNW）表示。 • W. F. 真风力。用蒲氏风级表示，也可用风速（m/s, knt）表示。 • WX weather 天气 • M.N. midnight 零时，子夜 • DR, D/R dead reckoning position 积算船位，推算船位（无风无流），航迹推算。 • fine, blue sky 晴 • c, cloudy 多云 • o, overcast 阴

38. 积算船位---航迹推算-配图 • 积算船位---航迹推算-配图 • 仅仅根据罗经和计程仪所提供的航向、航速和估计的风和流的影响，从已知的起算点推算出有一定准确度的航迹和船位的航海作业。航迹推算从出航到目的地连续进行。在推算过程中应根据测定的船位适时更新起算点继续推算。航迹推算是航海者随时求取当前或未来的近似船位的基本方法，也是在无法得到观测船位时，确定船位的惟一方法。航迹推算是海图作业的基本内容，是天文定位（见天文航海）和无线电定位（见船舶无线电导航）的基础，也是预计接岸和到达目的地时间的依据。用机械方法或电子计算机方法记录航迹，可以不间断地显示出瞬时的推算船位。用惯性导航仪求得的推算航迹已接近实际航迹。英、美等许多国家采用不计风和流的航迹推算作为海图作业的基础，所得船位称为积算船位；对风和流的影响加以修正后所得船位称为估算船位。航迹推算有求航迹和船位、求驾驶航向两类作业。

39. 求航迹和船位 　已知航向、航速、风和流求航迹和船位。一般有四种情况。①无风、流航行。船位可直接在航向线上推算(图1) :由起算点画航向线,在线上按计程仪或主机转速量取航程,即得推算船位。②风中航行。风对在航船舶的影响同风速、风舷角、航速、船型和吃水等有关。因此，船舶一般都备有本船的风压差表，表中以风速和风舷角为引数列出不同航速与吃水的风压差角(ɑ)。风中航行推算船位(图2) :由航向线向下风按风压差角画出风中航迹线；在此线上按计程仪量取航程，即得推算船位（一般计程仪记录的对水航程已包括风的影响）③流中航行。船舶随流漂移，因此流中航迹推算要在对水航行矢量上加水流矢量才能求得推算船位（图3）。④风和流中航行。先求受风压影响的船位，再由该点作水流矢量求得推算船位（图4）。 航迹推算 　　求驾驶航向 　已知计划航迹向、航速、风和流，求驾驶航向。目的是使船舶能沿着计划航迹线航进。一般有三种情况。①风中航行。将风压差角向上风加于计划航迹向，即得驾驶航向。②流中航行。在计划航迹线上按流向、流速和航速作流压三角形，即可求得驾驶航向，以及实际航速和流压差角 (β)(图5) 。③风流中航行。先作流压三角形，求出流中计划航迹线，再向上风加风压差角，即得风流中航行的驾驶航向。 航迹推算

40. 积算船位---航迹推算-配图

41. 积算船位---航迹推算-配图

42. 图1

43. 图2

44. 图3

45. 图4

46. 图5说明 • 　求驾驶航向 　已知计划航迹向、航速、风和流，求驾驶航向。目的是使船舶能沿着计划航迹线航进。一般有三种情况。①风中航行。将风压差角向上风加于计划航迹向，即得驾驶航向。②流中航行。在计划航迹线上按流向、流速和航速作流压三角形，即可求得驾驶航向，以及实际航速和流压差角 (β)(图5) 。③风流中航行。先作流压三角形，求出流中计划航迹线，再向上风加风压差角，即得风流中航行的驾驶航向。

47. 图5

48. 综合知识1 • d, drizzling 毛毛雨 • f，fog 雾 • h, hail 雹 • l, lightening闪电 • p, passing shower阵雨 • q, squall 暴风, 暴风雪vi. 狂风吹袭 • r, rain 雨 • s, snow 雪 • t, thunder 雷 • u, ugly weather 恶劣天气

49. w, dew 露 B (hpa) 气压（百帕）。一般情况每4小时记录一次，天气不好时可每小时记录一次。 t. air 气温。一般每小时记录一次，可采用华氏温度，也可使用摄氏温度。 t. sea 海水温度，可采用华氏温度或摄氏温度。 vis. 海面能见度。海面能见度常用蒲氏能见距离表示，也可用米、公里或海里表示。 F.O 燃油 D.O 柴油 lub 润滑油 F.W 淡水 B.W 压载水

50. 综合知识2 • time of Sdg (=time of sounding)各项目的测量时间。常为早上0800. • tons by Sdg （sounding）由测量读数算得的所存吨数。 • day’s Cons 每天消耗量 • cons./Mile 每海里消耗量，按航经的航程计算。停泊期间无此项内容。 • on/off 通风机的开关时间 • with dry air 加干燥空气 • circulating 循环通风 • packages 件数 • pkgs of mail 邮件的件数，船舶往来邮件、船员收到的邮件不计。 • ballast 压载水重量