Ethnomusicology

1. Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures

2. Phonograph • First device capable of recording and playing sound. • Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. • Made music from around the world easily accessible to everyone.

3. Phonograph Original tinfoil medium Phonograph, 1877

4. Phonograph Edison Home Phonograph, c. 1896

5. Phonograph Edison Standard Phonograph, c. 1898

6. Phonograph

7. Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1903

8. Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1911

9. Ethnomusicologist- a person who studies the music of many different cultures. Empathy- the ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or “stand in someone else’s shoes.”

10. Oriental & Occidental • Oriental- Asian or Eastern (China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, etc.). • Occidental- Western European (UK, France, Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, etc.). Descended from Roman Empire and immediate outlying “barbarian” tribes. • Relatively unfamiliar cultural elements between hemispheres as these cultures developed in relative isolation from each other until the 1400s.

11. Progression of Economies • Hunter/Gatherer- people obtain food by hunting (meat) and gathering (vegetables). Requires nomadic lifestyle as groups move from one food source to another. Simple housing and few material possessions. Dawn of man (c. 2 mya) to mesolithic (c. 10,000 ya).

12. Progression of Economies • Pastoral- domestication of animals for food, clothing, and defense. Mesolithic (c. 10,000-3000 ya). Wealth measured in possession of livestock. Still nomadic, leading herds to good pasture and limiting possessions and housing.

13. Progression of Economies • Agricultural- Farming (c. 3500 ya to present). Development of agriculture depended on irrigation and a steady water supply (rivers), so the earliest civilizations developed along river valleys. The ability to feed a large population in place allowed increased possessions and better housing and required a military defense. Allows specialization of labor and trade.

14. Progression of Economies • Industrial- c. 1800 to present. Economy based on mass production and trade of goods. • Information/Technological?- present. Economy based on trade of information.

15. Music from Cameroon

16. Music from Cameroon

17. Music from Cameroon

19. Yaounde, Cameroon

20. Douala, Cameroon

21. Kribi Beach, Cameroon

22. Mandara Mountain Village

23. Waza Preserve

24. Bamileke Country “The Chutes” Waterfalls

25. Music from Cameroon Funeral Procession in the Atlantika Mountains

26. LaliMusic of the Bamileke • Warrior dance. • Serves preparatory and celebratory purposes. • Express bravery, virility, and brotherhood. • Prohibited during colonial period as it represented a threat to European colonists.

27. LaliPerceptive Listening • Identify means. • How many musicians? • What instruments or what kinds of instruments? • All instruments belong to what family?

28. Music of Mexico

29. Music of Mexico Large country with many regions and a variety of local cultures. Largely mountainous. Half of work force engaged in agriculture. Growing industrial and commercial sectors. Coastal areas have become a favorite tourist destination.

30. Major Cultural Influences Native- The Aztec capital of Tenoctitlan was at present Mexico City. Many other native groups, some vassal states to the Aztecs, also occupied the area of present Mexico.

31. Major Cultural Influences Spanish- Conquistadors under Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519, eventually conquered the Aztecs under Montezuma, and took their gold. Spanish colonization introduced a rich European musical heritage.

32. Major Cultural Influences African- The Spanish imported African slaves to work their colonial plantations. Caribbean- The culture of these islands, itself a combination of Spanish, African, and native elements, influenced Mexico through immigration and slave trade.

33. Mestizo • Literally “mixture,” in this case referring to culture. • Cross fertizilation and blending of Spanish, Indian (native), and African cultures in Mexico.

34. Music of Mexico

35. Music of Mexico

37. Veracruz Fort San Juan de Ulua

38. Veracruz Zocalo Market Zocalo Square

39. Music of Veracruz • Sones Jarochos- traditional songs of Veracruz. • Typically performed on four instruments: • Arpon- 35- string harp, melody and bass. • Requinto Jarocho- 4-string guitar, melody.

40. Music of Veracruz • Sones Jarochos Instrumentation (continued): • Jarana- thin guitar. • Spanish Guitar- traditional 6-string.

41. Hear the Rhythm

42. Music of Mexico

43. Music of Mexico

44. Jalisco

45. Puerto Vallarta Beach

46. Puerto Vallarta Malecon Landmark Cathedral

47. Guadalajara Mariachi Ensemble Mariachi Festival Parade

48. Music of Jalisco • Mariachi- ensemble employed for a variety of styles. Instrumentation includes several violins, two trumpets, guitarron (bass guitar), vihuela (short 5-string rhythm guitar), and Spanish Guitar (traditional 6-string).

49. Music of Jalisco • Son Jalisciense- literally “song from Jalisco.” • CancionRanchera- literally “country song.”

50. La Negra • One of the best known of the SonesJalisciense. • Example of polymeter, as accents among the six beat measure shift to arrange them in two groups of three then three groups of two.