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Therapy and Change

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This chapter delves into various therapeutic concepts including transference and countertransference, where clients and therapists project feelings onto each other. It covers group therapy’s benefits and limitations, self-help groups like AA, and family therapy aimed at improving communication among family members. The text also explores psychoanalytic techniques such as free association and dream analysis, along with client-centered and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Additionally, it highlights the role of medications in drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and art/play therapy in understanding clients’ concerns.

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Therapy and Change

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Therapy and Change Chapter 17

  2. Be careful of: • Transference – the client feeling toward a therapist in the way that he/she feels about an important figure in his/her life • Countertransference – the therapist feeling toward a client in the way that he/she feels about an important figure in his/her life

  3. Group Therapy • Group members work together with people who are struggling with the same issues • Advantage – group leaders can help more people • Disadvantage – less one on one time (if any) • Self-Help Groups – more specific type of group therapy with a professional therapist leading the group (Ex. AA)

  4. Family Therapy • Index person – the one who brings everyone to therapy • Designed to help increase communication amongst family members so that issues can be resolved in a fair way

  5. Free Association • School of thought: Psychoanalysis (psychoanalysis is long term – it takes years) • During session the client says whatever comes to mind (no filter) • Goal – unconscious feels to become conscious • Resistance – “drawing a blank,” can’t think of what to say; analyst finds anxieties here

  6. Dream Analysis • School of Thought: Psychoanalysis • Finding unconscious thoughts through dreams • Manifest content – what you remember about your dream • Latent content – hidden meaning of dream (symbolic) • www.dreammoods.com

  7. Dream Analysis – Common Themes • Naked – fear of being vulnerable, ashamed of something (usually unnoticed by others) • Teeth – anxiety about appearance, putting faith in something besides God, family member or friend is close to death, telling lies • Falling – insecurities and anxieties, sense of failure or inferiority • Flying – if enjoying then you have overcome a situation; if you have trouble flying then you have trouble controlling your current situation; if you are afraid of flying then you are afraid of challenges and success

  8. Client-Centered Therapy • School of Thought: Humanist (self-actualization) • Nondirective therapy – the client decides what should be discussed and what direction therapy should go through: - Active listening – restating what had been said - Unconditional Positive Regard – acceptance no matter what

  9. Rational – Emotive Therapy • School of Thought: Cognitive • Goal is to correct false and self-defeating beliefs • Techniques: role playing, humor, ABC method (Activating event, Belief, Consequent Emotion – goal is to change B)

  10. Counterconditioning • School of Thought: Behaviorist • Pairing relaxation with fearful situations – eventually overcoming the anxiety • Systematic desensitization – Step by step process to overcome fearEx. Fear of snakes 1. Look at picture of snake. 2. See snake on TV. 3. See snake at the zoo (in a cage). 4. Touch snake while someone else holds it. 5. Hold snake. • Works well with OCD too

  11. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy • School of Thought: Behavior • Changing behavior by changing the way the client looks at the current situation • Emphasis on setting goals and positive thoughts

  12. Drug Therapy • School of Thought: Biological • Antipsychotics – medication to reduce hallucinations, delusions, etc (blocks dopamine) • Antidepressants – used to regulate neurotransmitters to decrease depression • Lithium – used to reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder • Antianxiety drugs – regulates neurotransmitters to reduce anxiety (many antidepressants are used for anxiety patients)

  13. Electroconvulsive Therapy • School of Thought: Biological • Brief shocks into brain to treat manic episodes, severe depression, and some types of schizophrenia

  14. Psychosurgery • School of Thought: Biological • Very rare (less than 200 done in 1997) • Patients who are very violent, have extreme depression or schizophrenia may receive a lobotomy (destroying frontal lobe) • This takes away the inability to plan, making the patient less threatening, but also less able to function

  15. Art/Play Therapy • School of Thought: Behavior • Allow child in a room full of toys and watch how they play (what they play with, how they treat the toys, etc.) as a basis to what issues they may have, and how to treat them • Use drawing/painting/other art forms as a way to express oneself and deal with issues

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