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Infection Prevention & Control Language and Precaution Sign Updates for EPIC. Cathy Gray, RN, MSN April 2014. History Of Guidelines For Isolation Precautions In Hospitals*. * Derived from Garner ICHE 1996. The Current Guidelines For Isolation Precautions In Hospitals*.
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Infection Prevention & ControlLanguage and Precaution Sign Updates for EPIC Cathy Gray, RN, MSN April 2014
History Of Guidelines For Isolation Precautions In Hospitals* * Derived from Garner ICHE 1996
The Current Guidelines For Isolation Precautions In Hospitals* *Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/isolation/Isolation2007.pdf
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • Standard Precautions combine the major features of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation and are based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. • Standard Precautions include a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting in which healthcare is delivered. These include: hand hygiene; use of gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, or face shield, depending on the anticipated exposure; and safe injection practices. • Also, equipment or items in the patient environment likely to have been contaminated with infectious body fluids must be handled in a manner to prevent transmission of infectious agents (e.g. wear gloves for direct contact, contain heavily soiled equipment, properly clean and disinfect or sterilize reusable equipment before use on another patient). • The application of Standard Precautions during patient care is determined by the nature of the HCW-patient interaction and the extent of anticipated blood, body fluid, or pathogen exposure. For some interactions (e.g., performing venipuncture), only gloves may be needed; during other interactions (e.g., intubation), use of gloves, gown, and face shield or mask and goggles is necessary.
CONTACT • Contact transmission The most common mode of transmission, contact transmission is divided into two subgroups: direct contact and indirect contact. • Direct contact transmission occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person.
CONTACT • Indirect contact transmission involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person. In the absence of a point-source outbreak, it is difficult to determine how indirect transmission occurs. However, extensive evidence cited in the Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings suggests that the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel are important contributors to indirect contact transmission.
DROPLET • Droplet transmission is, technically, a form of contact transmission. However, in contrast to contact transmission, respiratory droplets carrying infectious pathogens transmit infection when they travel directly from the respiratory tract of the infectious individual to susceptible mucosal surfaces of the recipient, generally over short distances (3-10 feet), necessitating facial protection. Respiratory droplets are generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks or during procedures such as suctioning, endotracheal intubation, cough induction by chest physiotherapy and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Studies have shown that the nasal mucosa, conjunctivae and less frequently the mouth, are susceptible portals of entry for respiratory viruses.
AIRBORNE • Airborne transmission occurs by dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles in the respirable size range containing infectious agents that remain infective over time and distance (e.g., Varicella, Rubeola, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Microorganisms carried in this manner may be dispersed over long distances by air currents and may be inhaled by susceptible individuals who have not had face-to-face contact with (or been in the same room with) the infectious individual.
