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Refrigerant R-410A & R-22

Refrigerant R-410A & R-22.

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Refrigerant R-410A & R-22

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  1. RefrigerantR-410A & R-22

  2. This is your program/time: ask questions, use your time wisely…it’s not the cost of the program (money wise), but your time spent here that is important…dollar wise, this is cheap, however you /me only have 24 hours/day in that respect we are all equal…but it’s how you spend that time that is important….

  3. Questions?/Comments! Feel free at any time to ask questions, or to make a comment. There are NO dumb questions….only the answers!!! And the instructors are responsible for those. This is your meeting, enjoy and participate……..

  4. Service Advisors Gustave A. Larson Company Plymouth Office: 800-827-9508 763-546-9508 Gale Patterson ext. 343 Steve LeMay ext. 346 Pewaukee Office: 800-829-9609 Steve Bukosky ext. 247 Larry Lemens ext. 285

  5. Thermodynamics Saturation Temperature Density of Refrigerant Vapor Enthalpy Superheated Vapor Subcooled Liquid

  6. Heat Transfer Hot Object Cold Object HEAT

  7. Latent and Sensible Heat

  8. Basic Refrigeration Thermostatic Expansion Valve Condenser Compressor Evaporator

  9. Refrigerant Piping Liquid Line Thermostatic Expansion Valve • (High Side) Discharge Line Condenser Evaporator Suction Line • (Low Side) Compressor

  10. Saturation Temperature

  11. What does Saturation Temperature Mean? 1. Saturation Temperature is the actual temperature of the evaporator and condenser coils. 2. In saturation conditions vapor & liquid are present.

  12. Saturation Temperature How Do You Find Saturation Temperature? Refrigeration Gauges >The Only Purpose of Owning a Set of Refrigeration Gauges Is to Find the Refrigerant Saturation Temperature.

  13. Saturated Refrigerant Saturated Refrigeration Example: Conditions, R-22 - 287 PSIG 128°F Temperature P-T Chart at 287 PSIG R-22 = 128°F Line Temperature = 128°F Refrigerant is Saturated • Liquid and Vapor in Contact with Each Other in Equilibrium • Pressure and Temperature Tied Together • P/T Chart is Applicable

  14. Pressure/Temperature Chart

  15. Saturated Refrigerant Liquid Line Thermostatic Expansion Valve Discharge Line Condenser Evaporator Suction Line Compressor

  16. Sensible And Latent Heat TransferIn the Evaporator Coil 1. Latent Heat Transfer: -Greatest ability to absorb heat -Causes change of state -Refrigerant remains saturated 2. Compressors cannot pump liquid 3. Sensible Heat Transfer: -Heat added to refrigerant/no change in state - Superheated condition

  17. Latent and Sensible Heat Transfer in the Evaporator Coil A B C D E

  18. Thermodynamics/Evaporator #1-Saturation Temperature: 1. If any heat is added or removed to the temperature, at a given pressure a change of state occurs. 2. At saturation temperature, both liquid and vapor are present. 3. The saturation temperature is the temperature of the evaporator coil.

  19. Thermodynamics/Evaporator (con’t) #2-Suction Vapor Density: 1. This is the weight of the refrigerant vapor, in Pounds per Cubic Foot Of Vapor. 2. Suction Vapor Density causes the compressor to vary in amperage draw. 3. Suction Vapor Density causes the system’s pressures to rise and fall.

  20. Thermodynamics And TheEvaporator Cycle (Summary) The refrigerant in low pressure side of refrigeration cycle goes through three (3) changes: 1. Saturation Temperature 2. Suction Vapor Density 3. Superheating of Suction Vapor

  21. Superheat

  22. Thermodynamics/Evaporator -Superheating Of Suction Vapor: 1. Superheat is the temperature of the vapor above its saturation temperature. 2. Superheat is done by the load. 3. Superheating is a Sensible Heat Transfer providing very little cooling effect.

  23. Superheating Superheated Refrigerant Example: Conditions, R-22 - 75.0 PSIG Suction Line - 54°F Line Temperature = 54°F P-T Chart at 75.0 PSIG = 44°F 10°F Coil Operating at 10°F Superheat • Heat Added to Refrigerant Vapor that Causes its Temperature to Rise Above its Saturation Temperatures • P/T Charts Do Not Apply - Temperature Rises Without a Rise in Pressure

  24. Superheated Refrigerant Liquid Line Thermostatic Expansion Valve Discharge Line Condenser Evaporator Suction Line Compressor

  25. Sub-Cooling

  26. Sub-Cooling Sub-Cooling Example: Conditions, R-22 - 280 PSIG 120°F Line Temperature P-T Chart at 280 PSIG = 125°F Line Temperature = 120°F 5°F Refrigerant Sub-cooled at 5°F • Heat Removed from the Liquid Refrigerant that Causes its Temperature to Drop Below its Saturation Temperature • P/T Charts do not Apply- Temperature Drops without a Drop in Pressure

  27. Thermodynamics/Condenser Coil -Purpose of condenser coil is to reject the heat load absorbed by evaporator coil, and to cool the refrigerant to a level that is below the saturation temperature. -This is accomplished through (1) Latent Heat Transfer, and (2) Sensible Ht. Transfer. -Proper sub-cooling prevents saturated refrigerant from leaving the condenser, thus optimizing metering device performance.

  28. Sub-Cooled Liquid -Typical subcooling levels - 5 to 20 degrees -Not enough subcooling, or large pressure losses in the liquid line create the formation of flash gas will affect the operation of the metering device. -10 degrees overcomes 35PSIG of liquid line pressure drop in R-22 systems. -10 degrees overcomes 50PSIG of liquid line pressure drop in R-410A systems.

  29. Sub-Cooled Liquid Liquid Line Thermostatic Expansion Valve Discharge Line Condenser Evaporator Suction Line Compressor

  30. Three Conditions of the Refrigerants Liquid Line Thermostatic Expansion Valve Discharge Line Condenser Evaporator Suction Line Compressor

  31. Why A New Refrigerant?

  32. Another New Refrigerant • In 1987 the world approved the Montreal Protocol and the United States wrote it in to law. • The law states that refrigerant R-22 can not be used in the manufacturing of new equipment after 2010. • In the mid 80s Trane began testing alternate refrigerants.

  33. A New Refrigerant(con’t) • The Trane Company found R-410A to be one of the best alternate refrigerants available. • When it became apparent that R-410A would be the next main stream refrigerant, Trane began national field testing (prior to 96, field testing had only been done on a limited basis).

  34. Projected U.S. Refrigerant Demand HCFC (R-22) Phaseout in U.S.

  35. What about R-22? • R-22 can be produced until 2020 for the service of installed systems. • Reclaimed R-22 may be available forever! • R-22 is not expected to see the drastic price increases as R-12 did, most the result of taxes.

  36. What is R-410A? • R-410A is a blend of two refrigerants, near Azeotropic mixture of 50% HFC-32 and 50% HFC-125. • Many of us have been using refrigerant blends for awhile, R-502. • The Temp. Glide is negligible (< 0.3°F). • There is no significant change in composition due to system leaks.

  37. What is R-410A? • The Ozone depletion potential(ODP) for R-410A is 0.00 Vs 0.05 for R-22 (1.0 is R-12 which is the baseline established by EPA). • The ASHRAE safety classification is A1/A1, the same as R-22. • Boiling point is -62.9°F Vs -41.4°F for R-22.

  38. WHAT IS A1/A1 • A rating is an indication of no toxicity at concentrations of less than 400 ppm. • 1 is a flammability classification that indicates no flame propagation. • There are two ratings because R410A is a blend of different two refrigerants.

  39. WHAT IS R-410A? • Thermal stability is similar to R-22. • Handling cautions are the same as R-22. • Remember 50 to 70% higher pressures require the proper tools for servicing.

  40. R-410A … POE Oil • Oil is different than R-22 • polyolester rather than mineral oil.. POE • POE is hygroscopic. It absorbs moisture rapidly. • Liquid line driers must be changed when the system has been open. A good vacuum will not get all the water out.

  41. POE Oils • Non-contaminated POE oils will not harm skin. • Non-contaminated POE oil has a light sweet odor. • POE’s are classified as non-hazardous.

  42. POE Oils • POE oils from a severe acid system will smell like dirty diapers. • Severe burn outs create acids and alcohol and moisture. • Waste oil may be disposed through waste recyclers.

  43. POE Oils-WARNING • Synthetic oil will attack many roofing materials. When servicing equipment mounted on a roof, the roof must be protected from oil spray or spills. Use a plastic covering or tarp to protect the work area. • Wiping up a spill will not stop long term damage to the roofing materials.

  44. Special ConsiderationsFor POE Oils • System contains POE oils that absorb moisture faster than current mineral oil. • Unopened containers have less than 50 ppm/ water.

  45. POE Oils • Open containers can absorb 1500 to 2000 ppm/ water. • Keep containers sealed when not in use. • Use reasonable refrigeration practices.

  46. Moisture, POE Oil, and Driers MOISTURE IS BAD - DRIERS MUST BE REPLACED EVERY TIME A REFRIGERANT COMPONENT IS REPLACED OR THE SYSTEM IS OPENED FOR SERVICE

  47. Special ConsiderationsMoisture • Vacuum pumps will not completely remove moisture, driers must be replaced every time a refrigerant component is replaced. • Not even a deep vacuum will remove moisture from POE oils!

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