Ch 5 – Prenatal Care

1. Ch 5 – Prenatal Care Child Growth and Development

2. Fact of Fiction? • http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/pregnancy-quiz1.htm

3. Signs of Pregnancy • Presumptive signs • Either signs of pregnancy OR signs of a medical condition • Positive signs • Signs that are definitely caused by pregnancy

4. Presumptive Signs • Amenorrhea (menstruation stops) • Nausea • Tiredness • Frequency of urination • Swelling and tenderness of the breasts • Skin discoloration • Internal changes • Other signs

5. Positive Signs • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • Fetal heartbeat • Fetal movement • Fetal image • Fetal shape • Uterine contractions

6. Pregnancy Tests • Home tests or laboratory tests work by detecting a hormone (HcG) that is present only in women who are pregnant • Generally, around 97-99% accuracy one week after a missed period

7. Medical Care • Why? • To make childbearing safe and successful • Obstetrician- doctors who specialize in pregnancy and birth

8. First Prenatal Appointment • First prenatal appointment is the longest prenatal appointment. It sets a foundation for medical care throughout the pregnancy • gather health history • complete physical exam • check blood pressure

9. First Prenatal Appointment • blood test to test for Rh factor, anemia, and STIs • urine sample taken to check for kidney infections and gestational diabetes • Pap smear to check for STIs and cervical cancer • give estimate of due date • give advice on health habits to follow in pregnancy

10. Frequency of Doctor Appointments # of months pregnant # of doctors visits 0-7 months once a month 8 months every two weeks 9 months every week

11. Factors That Affect the Baby’s Health • Mother’s age • Rh factor • Mother’s physical health • Mother’s emotional health

12. Mother’s Age • Most ideal time between 21–28 years • Teens are high-risk mothers-to-be • tend to have babies who are premature, have low birthweights, have disabilities, or are born dead • Women over 36 have higher rate of babies with health problems and disabilities

13. Rh Factor • Rh factor is a protein substance found in red blood cells of about 85% of the population • Problems if father is Rh+, mother Rh- • 12% of all marriages • Does not affect first Rh+ unborn • antibodies form to combat foreign Rh+ • Anti-Rh-immune globulin vaccine

14. Mother’s Physical Health • Healthy weight for age, height, and body type • Good eating habits • Regular physical activity

15. Mother’s Emotional Health • When a mother is happy and relaxed, • adrenaline level is low • heartbeat and breathing are slow • muscles are relaxed • When a mother is under stress, heartbeat and muscle tension increases in both mother and baby

16. Write a letter to your future self about the importance of good health habits during pregnancy. State specific things your need to do and change.

17. Health Habits During Pregnancy • Nutrition • Weight gain • Rest and sleep • Physical activity

18. Nutrition • By the twelfth week, baby completely depends on mother for food • Cells need proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins • Follow the food guidance system developed by the USDA • Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water • Limit caffeine intake

19. Weight Gain • Between 25–35 pounds • More for multiples • 40–45 pounds for twins • Exact amount depends on height and pre-pregnancy weight

20. Where does the weight come from? • Baby 7.5 pounds • Uterus 2.0 pounds • Placenta1.5 pounds • Amniotic Fluid 2.0 pounds • Blood 3.5 pounds • Breast Growth 1.5 pounds • Fat and Protein 4.0 pounds • Fluid Retention 4.0 pounds Average weight gain 26 pounds

21. Rest and Sleep • Eight to nine hours of sleep a night • One 15- to 30-minute rest (with or without sleep) during the day

22. Physical Activity • Activity helps • keep weight within normal limits • strengthens muscles women use in delivery • increases energy • relieves tension • Avoid contact sports, activities that jolt the pelvic region, and activities that could result in falls

23. Health Hazards to Avoid • Diseases or illnesses in the mother • Drugs • recreational and prescription • Radiation exposure • medical X-rays should be avoided • Environmental pollution • lead, chemicals, pesticides, herbicides

24. Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother • Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to use sugar properly • gestational diabetes affects women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy • Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is high blood pressure caused by pregnancy • referred to as preeclampsia or toxemia

25. Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infectious illnesses that are passed primarily through sexual intercourse • also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) • acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

26. Drugs • Medications • prescribed • over-the-counter • dietary supplements • herbal products • Alcohol • fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) • Nicotine • Illegal drugs

27. Complications • Congenital problemis a physical or biochemical problem present since birth • Pre-term birthis before 37 weeks of pregnancy • Miscarriageis the expulsion of the baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy • stillbirth is the loss of the fetus after 20 weeks of pregnancy

28. Complications • Ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes • Too much amniotic fluid • Too little amniotic fluid • Bleeding in late pregnancy • Placenta abruptio (placenta detaches from uterus) • Placenta previa (placenta over cervix) • Pregnancy-induced hypertension

29. Monitoring the Baby’s Development • Blood test given at 12 weeks is called a triple-screen • measures AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), and estriol (protein found during pregnancy) • screens for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and severe abnormalities • Other blood tests screen for STIs and gestational diabetes

30. Monitoring the Baby’s Development • Ultrasound produces an image of the fetus inside the womb • checks for structural abnormalities • used at any time • safe and routine

31. Month-by-Month Pregnancy Activity • Nine groups – 1 group for each month of pregnancy. Use the same month as before. • Must include: • an overall description of what occurs during that month • At least five facts • At least 3 pictures • Must be neat and professional. Take your time and make it look good! You will be presenting these.

32. FAS In what ways do the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome baby and Drug Addicted baby act and look different from a normal baby? After seeing the effects of FAS, what would you do if you saw a pregnant woman drinking? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ap3Iimimk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31M_GDVYLe0&feature=related (3:03)