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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Writing and Balancing Equations Made Simple

This guide covers the essential parts of a chemical reaction equation, including reactants, products, and states of matter. Learn how to write complete chemical equations, formula equations (skeleton equations), word equations, and sentence equations. The importance of balancing equations based on the Law of Conservation of Mass is emphasized, with clear steps provided for balancing practice. Discover various types of reactions such as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion, designed for students and chemistry enthusiasts alike.

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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Writing and Balancing Equations Made Simple

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  1. Chemical Reactions Writing and Balancing Chemical Reactions

  2. Parts of a reaction equation: • Reactants → Products • (s) = solid • (l) = liquid • (g) = gas • (aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water) • (ppt) = precipitate (solid formed from 2 liquids) • ↓ = ppt forms • → = “yields” • ↑ = gas formed • ↔ = reversible reaction • ∆ = heat • ___° C = temp. of reaction

  3. Ways to write chemical equations: 1. Complete Chemical Equations • ALWAYS: balanced, chemical formulas, reactants, products • SOMETIMES: states of matter, catalyst included • Ex. 2 H2O2 (aq)  2 H20(I) + O2 (g)

  4. 2. Formula Equation (Skeleton Equation) • ALWAYS: shows formulas, unbalanced, no states of matter • Ex. H2O2  H20+ O2

  5. 3. Word Equation • ALWAYS: words (no formulas), reactants, products, unbalanced, no states of matter • Ex. Hydrogen peroxide  water + oxygen

  6. 4. Sentence Equation: • ALWAYS: written in complete sentences, states of matter when possible, not balanced • Ex. An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide forms liquid water and oxygen gas.

  7. Balancing Chemical Equations: • Why? Law of Conservation of Mass • Steps: • Atom inventory – count how many of each • Polyatomic ions – count as one as long as it exists on both sides • Do elements that appear only once per side first • Do oxygen LAST • Add/ change only coefficients (numbers in front) NOT SUBSCRIPTS • Get lowest ratio

  8. Balancing Example Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2 * must have same number of each atom type on each side

  9. Reaction Types • Synthesis: A + B  AB • Decomposition: AB  A + B • Single Replacement (SRR): A + BC  AC + B • Double Replacement (DRR): AB + CD  AD + CB • Combustion: X + O2 CO2 + H2O

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