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SCHISTOSOMIASIS

SCHISTOSOMIASIS. Schistosomiasis The ecology of schistosomiasis includes tropical lotic (lakes and reservoirs) and lentic environments (rivers), and the behavior of people and their domestic animals that live near these aquatic environments. . SNAIL HOST OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS.

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SCHISTOSOMIASIS

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  1. SCHISTOSOMIASIS

  2. Schistosomiasis The ecology of schistosomiasis includes tropical lotic (lakes and reservoirs) and lentic environments (rivers), and the behavior of people and their domestic animals that live near these aquatic environments.

  3. SNAIL HOST OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS Schistosomamansoni S. mansoni-S. intercalatum hybrids, S. rodhaini and S. eduardiense. infects snails in the genus Biomphalaria Schistosomahaematobium infects snails of the genus Bulinus. S. mekongi Snails the genus Neotrichula S. malayensis the genus Robertsiella Schistosomajaponicum in amphibious snails of the genus Oncomelania. Biomphalaria Bulinus

  4. LIFE CYCLE OF SCHISTOSOMA female-male pairs in the human blood-vessels of the abdomen, the female produce hundreds of eggs a day. S. haematobium In the bladders and kidneys . S. mansoni lives in the blood vessels the bowels. The eggs are released into the blood stream and pass through the tissues. S. haematobium pass out in urine, S. mansoni in the faeces.

  5. LIFE CYCLE OF SCHISTOSOMA

  6. No single method of control of schistosomiasis, controlling infection Have proven effective at the community level: 1.Control of snails, 2. public health education, 3. sanitation, and 4. community-based chemotherapy employing praziquantel.

  7. MOLLUSCICIDES CuSO4 crystals This compound worked well enough, limited algal growth, in turn affected growth patterns of fish. new molluscicides nicotinanilide, organotin, dibromo-nitraozo-benzene, sodium pentachlorophenate, tritylmorpholine, sodium dichloro-bromopheno, niclosamide acetamide replaced copper sulfate, safer to the environment.

  8. Niclosamide is the only remaining commercially available molluscicide. While niclosamide is biodegradable, its “side effects” included the death of many fish species, as well as the targeted snail populations. It acts by depleting glycogen stores, the drug of choice for some adult tapeworm infections in humans. It also used be a drug of choice for schistosomiaisis

  9. GejalaSchistosomiasis • Acute pathology • Cercarial dermatitis, • skin rash lesions and persist for days, • massive penetration by cercariae. • Katayama fever • is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating schistosomulae. • The disease (fever, fatigue, myalgia, etc.) • starts in a few weeks or monthsafter a primary infection. • Most patients recover spontaneously after 2-10 weeks. • This type of illness is not common who live in areas endemic • It occurs who have no previous history of exposure.

  10. Chronic pathology • Urinary schistosomiasis • (S. haematobium) • Intestinal schistosomiasis • Hepatic schistosomiasis and • hepatosplenicschistosomiasis (S. mansoni, S. japonicum) • Ectopic ("displaced") schistosomiasis • Genital schistosomiasis (S. mansoni, S. haematobium) • Pulmonary schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) • Neuroschistosomiasis (S. japonicum, S. haematobium)

  11. Praziquantel right after their water exposure A vaccine, ultimately, eliminate the need for snail and reservoir host control. the vaccine based on irradiated cercariae offers almost complete protection in experimental animals. The first generation vaccines were directed against infection and/or worm fecundity. Currently there is a natural balance, tempering anti-schistosomal responses by stimuli down-regulating the granulomatous reaction against eggs in the tissue.

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