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8.3 – Unifying Italy and Germany

8.3 – Unifying Italy and Germany.

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8.3 – Unifying Italy and Germany

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  1. 8.3 – Unifying Italy and Germany

  2. “The question of nationality can only be resolved by destroying the treaties of 1815, and changing the map of Europe and its public Law. The question of Nationalities, rightly understood, is the Alliance of the Peoples; the balance of powers based upon new foundations; the organisation of the work that Europe has to accomplish.” Giuseppe Mazzini

  3. “I offer neither pay nor provisions; I offer hunger, thirst, forced marches, battle and death. Let him who loves his country in his heart and not with his lips only; follow me.” Giuseppe Garibaldi

  4. “Here, where our people, after centuries of separation, find themselves for the first time solemnly reunited in the person of their representatives: here where we recognize the fatherland of our dreams, everything speaks to us of greatness; but at the same time it all reminds us of our duties.” King Victor Emmanuel

  5. “Therefore the Holy Father will never be able to recognize the title of King of Italy, arrogated to himself by the king of Sardinia, since it is opposed to justice and to the sacred property of the Church. On the contrary, he makes the most ample and formal protest against such an usurpation.” Pope Pius IX

  6. “All treaties between great states cease to be binding when they come in conflict with the struggle for existence.” “Universal suffrage is the government of a house by its nursery” Otto Von Bismarck

  7. Long history of separated states • Fought against each other • North is industrializing, south is still agricultural • Austria, France control parts of Italy Italy Before Unification

  8. Giuseppe Mazzini – tries to set up a revolutionary republic in Rome (1830’s) • Fails, is exiled • BUT, nationalism starts to become popular • Italy has a common religion, great history Revolutionaries in Italy

  9. Victor Emmanuel II makes Camillo Cavour Prime Minister (1852) • Goal: extend power and gain land • Works with Napoleon III, starts war with Austria • Wins war, gains Lombardy (1859) Leadership in the North

  10. Giuseppe Garibaldi – recruits rebels to unify Italy • Red Shirts – Garibaldi’s men, become popular • Cavour provides weapons • Garibaldi sweeps across country, gaining land (1860) Garibaldi Brings Unity

  11. Victor Emmanuel also sends troops, meets with Garibaldi in Naples • 1861 – Kingdom of Italy created, King Victor Emmanuel II is leader • BUT, Rome and Venetia are not included Italy Unified… Kinda

  12. Negotiations with Bismarck • Italy will get Venetia after Austro-Prussian War (1866) • French troops leave Rome after Franco-Prussian War (1870) • BUT, the Pope does not acknowledge Italy until 1929 Italy Unified

  13. Is all fair in love and war? Give an example of why you believe it is or is not. WARM UP

  14. Germany Before Unification

  15. 1830 – creation of the Zollverein, an economic agreement between German states • 1848 – German liberals want a unified state • They offer the throne to Frederick William IV of Prussia • He says… NO Germany Before Unification

  16. Otto Von Bismarck • A Junker – conservative, wealthy noble • Becomes Prime Minister in 1862 • Realpolitik – power is more important than principles. Needs of the state are 1st. Bismarck’s Rise

  17. Alliance with Austria against Denmark (1864) – gain Shleswig and Holstein • War with Austria (1866) – 7 Weeks War, Prussia gains German states Bismarck’s Rise

  18. Growing tensions with France • Bismarck tricks France into declaring war • Franco-Prussian War (1870) – French troops crushed, must give up land and power • 1871 – Second Reich founded, with Kaiser Wilhelm I, and Germany is united Germany Unified

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