Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development

Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development • Keeping the Lights On: • Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks • Dr. David Wollman • Leader, Smart Grid Team - Standards • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) • October 27, 2011

Outline • Introduction • US Grid and Drivers • NIST Role within Smart Grid • Accelerating Smart Grid Standards • NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2 • Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) • International Coordination • Research and Standards Acceleration Examples • Phasor Measurement Units • Electric power meters, building control systems, …

North American Electric Grid US is 22% of world consumption • 3,200 electric utility companies • 17,000 power plants • 800 gigawatt peak demand • 165,000 miles of high-voltage lines • 6 million miles of distribution lines • 140 million meters • $1 trillion in assets • $350 billion annual revenues

Worldwide Investment in the Grid • International Energy Agency estimates: • $10 trillion over next 20 years • 50% in generation • 50% in transmission and distribution • Does not count customer-side investments • NIST is leading and accelerating international standards-setting through bilateral and multilateral engagements

Smart Grid – A National Priority “It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 “We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Obama “To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu “A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke New Secretary of Commerce John Bryson – former CEO in energy sector Smart Grid Enables: • Higher Penetration of Renewables • Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles • Consumers to Control Energy Bills • Efficient Grid Operations & Reduced Losses • Reduced Distribution Outages • Improved System Reliability & Security

What Will the Smart Grid Look Like? Energy management systems Dynamic pricing High use of variable renewables Distributed generation and microgrids Electric vehicles Distributed storage Bidirectional metering Smart appliances Smart meters and real time usage data Ubiquitous networked sensors

National Institute of Standards and Technology Non-regulatory agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce Originally National Bureau of Standards (established 1901) NIST Laboratories research activities at two main campuses Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado • $515M for Laboratories; over 2800 employees (3 Nobel prizes), 2600 associates, U.S. National Metrology Institute • Strong partnerships with industry, academia, government • Research, calibrations, standard reference materials, data … • Physical, Material Measurements, Engineering, IT Labs

NIST Roles in the Smart Grid • Measurement research • Metering • Wide area monitoring (synchrophasors) • Power electronics • Building energy management • Others … • Standards (EISA role) • Interoperability • Cybersecurity

Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy • National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act • - Directs U.S. Federal Agencies to use voluntary consensus standards developed by consensus standards bodies, where possible • - Encourages U.S. Gov’t participation in voluntary consensus standards bodies when compatible with missions, authorities, etc. • - Directs NISTtocoordinate Federal standards and conformity assessment activities with those of the private sector

Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” • Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral” • Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants • Input to federal and state regulators The NSTC Subcommittee on Smart Grid Policy’s “A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid: Enabling Our Secure Energy Future” recognizes the Federal Government’s role to catalyze the development and adoption of open standards.

Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” • Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral” • Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants • Input to federal and state regulators Key Federal policy recommendations: • Enable cost-effective smart grid investments • Unlock innovation • Empower and inform consumers • Secure the grid

US Government Roles in Smart Grid Federal Office of Science & Technology Policy; National Economic Council; & Council on Environmental Quality Smart Grid Task Force / National Science & Technology Council Smart Grid Subcommittee Other Federal Agencies (EPA, …) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC – NARUC Smart Response Collaborative State Public Utility Commissions

US Smart Grid Investment Grants Geographic Coverage of Selected Projects 18 million smart meters 1.2 million in-home display units 206,000 smart transformers 177,000 load control devices 170,000 smart thermostats 877 networked phasor measurement units 671 automated substations 100 PEV charging stations SGIG Topic Areas

NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability PHASE 2 Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with governance for ongoing efforts PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps PHASE 3 Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification) Summer 2009 Workshops Draft Framework Sept 2009 Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Established Nov 2009 Technical information to support regulators SGIP meetings NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Released Jan 2010 2009 2011 2010

NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap 1.0 Published January 2010 Extensive public input and review Completed in Less than 1 year Smart Grid Vision & Reference Model Identified 75 existing standards 16 Priority Action Plan Projectsare filling key gaps CompanionCyber Security Strategy Smart Grid Domains http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/ Release 2.0 now open forPublic Comment (Federal Register Notice, Oct 25)

SGIP Stakeholder Categories

SGIP Organization PEV2G Electromagnetic Interoperability Issues NIST SGIP Officers Governing Board SGIP Administrator Priority Action Plan Teams Test & Certification Architecture PAP 2 PAP 3 PAP 1 Committee Committee (SGTCC) (SGAC) PAP … PAP 17 PAP 4 Cyber Security Working Group (CSWG) Standing Committees & Domain Expert Working Groups Working Groups BnP H2G B2G TnD I2G Program Comm. Bylaws & Mgmt Marketing Operating Office Education Procedures (PMO) (CME) (BOP) Coordination Functions SGIP Membership

Energy Usage Information Standard Standardizes data elements available to consumers or authorized 3rd party application providers • Work initiated (SGIP PAP10) - July 2009 • Requirements finalized - June 2010 • Standard developed and published by NAESB - December 2010 • Follow on Standardization Energy Service Provider Interface (ESPI) – Oct 2011

Cyber Security Working Group • Permanent Working Group • Over650public and private sector participants • August2010 NIST publishes: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security • Risk assessment guidance for implementers • Recommended security requirements • Privacy recommendations • Collaborating with: • DOE NESCOR on SEP 1.0 and 1.1 guidance • DOE/NERC/NIST on risk management document • NERC Task Force on Cybersecurity

NIST & SGIP Activities Going Forward • Framework Release 2.0 – receive comments, resolve, publish final version • Smart Grid Interoperability Panel • Executing work program • Process improvements to address utility concerns • Testing and certification programs • Cybersecurity standards and guidelines • Continuing engagement with FERC and state regulators on standards matters • Additional outreach and engagement with international standards organizations and government-government interactions

SGIP International Collaboration Objectives • Help provide leadership to the global community of smart grid interoperability stakeholders. • Coordination with different national Smart Grid efforts to encourage alignment and minimize issues surrounding harmonization and interoperability. • Outreach to discover (and coordinate with) people and organizations with smart grid interoperability needs and interests, bring awareness to the SGIP effort and encourage partnership in regions where access to North American meetings may be difficult. • Leverage resources and expedite work to address common gaps shared across different regions of the world, learn from other Smart Grid successes and failures, and share those experiences through the SGIP. • Increase international participation in the SGIP in its unique role as a facilitating organization that works with all standards development groups. • Provide a forum to discuss ways to effectively engage developers of smart grid international standards, irrespective of where such people are located.

Outreach and Engagement Examples • George Arnold, National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability, NIST • Work within Standards Development Organizations • Mix of leadership, technical involvement • Liaisons examples • IEC Strategy Group 3 – NIST liaison • CEN-CENELEC-ETSI SG-Coordination Group – NIST liaison, draft white paper completed, focus on architectures • ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Grid – NIST liaison • IEEE – NIST liaison • ISO, ISGAN, etc. • SGIP membership, Letters of Intent • SGIP International Task Force established to address international collaboration and cooperation

Real-time Data Management Needs • Wide Area Situational Awareness • Monitors the health of the electric power grid • Will reduce blackouts and interruptions • Make operation of the grid more efficient • Priority in FERC policy statement Smart Meters SynchroPhasors Embedded Sensors Distributed Generation Output Building Automation

NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide situational awareness and advance warning for grid operations NIST has unique PMU calibration special test service NIST has provided measurement assistance to manufacturers and utilities on design, testing and use of PMUs, and has helped to evaluate and improve standards. Example: Mandatory testing of PMUs to be used in Brazil

North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) (Quebec Interconnection) Western Interconnection • Project sponsored by DOE and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) • Promoting “better use of measurements and information to improve system performance” • NIST important contributor, lead of performance requirements team • NASPI provides input to standards process (IEEE) Eastern Interconnection Western Interconnection Eastern Interconnection Texas/TRE/ERCOT Interconnection NERC Reliability Regions

NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPInet) Developed PMU test methods under dynamic conditions (changing frequency and phase) for inclusion in IEEE C37.118.1 standard Developing test methods for PMU calibrators, adding capability to test PMUs with 1588 synchronization capability Introduction of message transmission of synchrophasor data using IEC 61850 substation automation standard

NIST Static PMU Calibration System

NIST Dynamic PMU Test System • Testbed Synchronized to UTC • Generates signals modulated in amplitude, and frequency / phase • Generates steps in magnitude, phase, or freq.

NIST Research: Electric Power Metering • All electric energy (kilowatt-hours) sold in the U.S. (over $300 Billion/year) is traceable to NIST Electric Power Laboratory • ANSI C12 standards for electricity metering, typically mandated in the U.S. by state Public Utility Commissions (PUCs) • NIST chair of ANSI C12 main committee (NEMA) • Project leader of Power & Energy research/calibration service • Quantum watt: successfully tied electric power to quantum standards (major development effort: DSP-based waveform generator, world’s best voltage amplifier, AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) - uncertainties decreased from 15 to 2 ppm • Future: three phase power, distorted power

NIST Research: Building Automation Control Addressing the role of the building in the smart grid: 72% of all electricity is consumed by building system loads. NIST building smart grid research is focused on grid-aware energy management in complex facilities. Research leads to information models that enable communication standards for the Smart Grid Building systems control strategies for load, generation and storage management Net-zero residential building testbed Islanding strategies for graceful degradation of building system performance during grid outages NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed

Smart Grid Challenges and Opportunities Metering Bidirectional metering, testbeds… Sensors and automated control PMUs, time synchronization, distributed sensors… Smart Grid architecture and operations Research/modeling of grid stability (load/generation) Microgrids, … Power Electronics Electromagnetic Compatibility/Interference Energy Efficiency Integration with Net-Zero Buildings Cybersecurity Electric Vehicles/Storage Communication protocols Testing and certification activities, many others …

Contact info • Dr. David WollmanNIST Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems OfficeU.S. Department of Commerce1-301-975-2433david.wollman@nist.govDr. George ArnoldNational Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperabilitygeorge.arnold@nist.gov

Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development