Role of climate on grape characteristics of “Moscato bianco” in Piedmont (Italy)

1. Role of climate on grape characteristics of “Moscato bianco” in Piedmont (Italy)

2. RESEARCH GROUP S. Orlandini, M. Moriondo Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Gestione del Territorio Agroforestale, Università degli Studi di Firenze M. Mancini Centro Studi per l’Applicazione dell’Informatica in Agricoltura – Accademia dei Georgofili, Firenze F. Spanna, G. Cressano, S. Dolzan Settore Fitosanitario della Regione Piemonte, Torino A. Schubert, C. Lovisolo Dipartimento Colture Arboree dell’Università degli Studi di Torino M. De Marziis 3A s.r.l., Torino Daniele Della Valle, Gabriella Sanlorenzo, Maurizio Gily Vignaioli Piemontesi – Castagnito (CN)

3. Materials and methods • Acquisition of cartographic base at 1:25.000 scale of Moscato d’Asti area • Acquisition of all information layers, not already available, necessary for analysis and data processing (boundaries, rivers, main localities) • Land digital model to produce information layers concerning topographical and geographical characteristics of the territory Elevation Slope Exposure

4. 23 stations Data from the net of Hydrographic National Service - Hydrographic Office of Po river Historical climatic investigation Daily recording of: Total precipitations Minimum, maximum, daily averagetemperature

5. Bioclimatic indexes 24 stations from 1999 to 2001 Active temperatures summation (STA) Thermal excursions summation (SET) Huglin index Number of rainy days Effective rain summation Spring frost risk Beginning of vegetation season Lenght of vegetative period

6. Phenological and grape quality parameters 30 vineyards differents for exposure, elevation, slope, distance from the valley bottom

7. Phenological indexes Date of budbreak Phase 07 of BBCH Phase C ofBaggiolini Date of bloom50% full bloom Date of veraisonmust with 10° Babo

8. Grape quality indexes Potential alcohol Total acidity pH Samplings made on August 22th, August 29th, September 5th of every year (1999-2001)

9. Territorial analysis Creation of thematic maps • Finding maps on the scale of 1:25.000 of Moscato d’Asti area • Digitalization and acquisition of all the informative layers (level curves, borders, rivers, towns) • Creation of the digital model of the ground, by which the informative layers concerning the topographic and geographic characteristics of the territory have been produced (elevation, slope, exposure)

10. GENERATION OF THE DIGITAL MODEL OF THE GROUND • the digital model of the ground which comes from the elaboration can be georeferred according to the UTM system • the elaborated image is returned in raster form Pixel of 75 x 75 m Grid units of 5625 m2 450.776 pixels cells of dimensions lower than 75*75 m would not increase the detail but the mistake of the information itself

11. THE SPATIALIZATION OF THE BIOCLIMATIC AND THE QUALITY/PHENOLOGYDATA the values of the bioclimatic indexes and phenological/qualitative are only representative of a limited area. the extent of the data to the whole surface can be made with a spatial interpolation proceeding MULTIREGRESSIVE METHOD

12. MULTIREGRESSIVE METHOD the regressions have been selected on the basis of the correlation (R2) and significance coefficient Bioclimatic Indexesthe regressions have been used with geomorphological parameters like latitude, longitude, elevation, exposure, slope Phenologic/Qualitative Indexesgeomorphological parameters and bioclimatic indexes

13. R2, F, and variables used for bioclimatic indexes R2, F, and variables used for phenology parameters R2, F, and variables used for quality parameters

14. Elevation map in Moscato d’Asti production area

15. Exposure in Moscato d’Astiproduction area

16. Slope in Moscato d’Asti production area

17. Sum of the active temperatures 1997-2001

18. Huglin Index map 1997-2001

19. Sum of daily thermal excursions 1997-2001

20. Total annual precipitations 1992- 2000

21. Number of rainy days 1997-2001

22. Sum of effective rain April - September 1997-2001

23. Beginning of vegetative season index 1997 - 2001

24. Spring frostrisk map 1997 – 2001

25. Lenght of the vegetative season 1997 - 2001

26. Budbreak map Ultima settimana marzo Prima settimana aprile Seconda settimana aprile Terza settimana aprile

27. Bloom date Ultima settimana maggio Prima settimana giugno Seconda settimana giugno Terza settimana giugno

28. Veraison map Ultima settimana di luglio Prima settimana di agosto Seconda settimana agosto Terza settimana agosto

29. Total acidity at August 22th

30. Total acidity at August 29th

31. Total acidity at September 5th

32. Potential alcohol at August 22th

33. Potential alcohol at August 29th

34. Potential alcohol at September 5th

35. pH at August 22th

36. pH at August 29th

37. pH at September 5th

38. exposure, elevation, climate, bioclimatic indexes, phenological phases, must parameters (alcohol, acidity, pH) The cartography display (scale 1:25.000) of different parameters allows to zone the Moscato d’Asti production area in 3 sub-zones early zone late zone intermediate zone with more or less earliness

39. Ripeness EARLY RIPENESS Coazzolo, Castagnole, Mombaruzzo ZONES WITH INTERMEDIATE RIPENESS Acqui, Neive, Strevi LATE RIPENESS S.Stefano Belbo, Serralunga

40. CONCLUSIONS 1.The thematic maps obtained could be used to plan agronomic and vine growing strategies. Knowledge of expected phenological dates and of potential qualitative indexes can allow to plan vintage time.

41. CONCLUSIONS 2. The budbreak, bloom, veraison phases have taken place in a range of 10 to 20 days or more in different zones.

42. CONCLUSIONS 3. In the same zones where we have seen lower values of bioclimatic indexes, phenological phases were posticipated and potential alcohol decreased. At the same time, acidity increased and pH decreased, showing a clear ripening delay.

43. CONCLUSIONS Grapes located in the northern zone of the production area with higher thermal summations, lower elevation, lower slope ripen earlier than vines of the southern zone with lower thermal summation, higher elevation, higher slope