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The Diversity of Animal Kingdom: Characteristics and Phyla Overview

The Animal Kingdom comprises multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms, primarily characterized by their motility and sexual reproduction. With nine major phyla, animals exhibit diverse body arrangements and symmetry. Key phyla include Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca (snails, octopuses), Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans), Echinodermata (sea stars), and Chordata (vertebrates). Chordates exhibit traits like backbones and gill slits and further diversify into classes such as mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and fish.

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The Diversity of Animal Kingdom: Characteristics and Phyla Overview

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  1. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

  2. CHARACTERISTICS • MULTICELLULAR • HETEROTROPHIC • EUKARYOTIC • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • MOTILE • 9 PHYLA • SYMMETRY: BODY ARRANGEMENT

  3. PORIFERA • SPONGES • “PORE-BEARING” • NON-MOTILE • AQUATIC (mainly seawater) • HOLLOW BODIES: called a COELOM • ASYMMETRICAL • FILTER FEEDERS

  4. CNIDARIA • JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONES, CORALS • STINGING CELLS (NEMATOCYSTS) • TENTACLES • MARINE • HOLLOW BODIES • RADIAL SYMMETRY

  5. PLATYHELMINTHES • FLATWORMS: Planarian, Fluke, Tapeworms • FLAT BODIES- NO BODY CAVITY (ACOELOM) • BILATERAL SYMMETRY • AQUATIC • SOME PARASITIC

  6. NEMATODA • ROUNDWORMS: Ascaris, hookworms, heartwoms • ROUND, HOLLOW BODIES (Psuedocoelom) • BILATERAL SYMMETRY • ALL PARASITIC

  7. ANNELIDA • SEGMENTED WORMS: earthworms, leeches, marine worms • SEGMENTED BODIES • TRUE BODY CAVITY (coelom)WITH ORGANS • BILATERAL SYMMETRY

  8. MOLLUSCA • SNAILS, CLAMS, OYSTERS, OCTOPUS, SQUID • 2nd LARGEST PHYLUM • SOFT BODIES • MANTLE: COVERING • BILATERAL SYMMETRY • RADULA: tongue-like scraping structure

  9. ARTHROPODA • SPIDERS, CRABS, SHRIMP, LOBSTERS, BARNACLES, INSECTS • LARGEST PHYLUM • SEGEMENTED BODIES • JOINTED APPENDAGES • EXOSKELETONS

  10. INSECTS • 3 BODY SEGMENTS • 3 PAIR OF LEGS • VARIED FEEDING BEHAVIORS • VARIED DEFENSE MECHANISMS • USE PHEROMONES FOR COMMUNICATION

  11. METAMORPHOSIS • CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER • COMPLETE: egg, larvae, pupa, adult • INCOMPLETE: egg, larvae, adult

  12. ECHINODERMS • SEA STARS, SAND DOLLARS, SEA URCHINS • ‘SPINY SKIN’ • RADIAL SYMMETRY • WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM • MARINE • CAN REGENERATE

  13. CHORDATA • ANIMALS WITH BACKBONES • NERVE CORD • NOTOCHORD • GILL SLITS • POST ANAL TAIL • 7 CLASSES

  14. AGNATHA • LAMPREY EEL & HAGFISH • JAWLESS FISH • NO PAIRED FINS • RETAIN NOTOCHORD THROUGHOUT LIFE

  15. CHONDRICTHYES • SHARKS, SKATES, RAYS • CARTILAGE FISH • SKELETONS MADE OF CARTILAGE • PREDATORS • MARINE

  16. OSTEICHTHYES • BONY FISH • TROUT, ANCHOVIES, SEA HORSES, BASS, FLOUNDER, ETC • BONY SKELETONS • PAIRED FINS • SALT & FRESH WATER

  17. AMPHIBIA • FROGS, SALAMANDERS • “DOUBLE LIFE” • Live part of life in water (tadpole) & part on land • SLIMY SKIN (Respire through skin)

  18. REPTILES • SNAKES, LIZARDS, TURTLES, CROC’S • SCALY SKIN • ECTOTHERMIC • LIFE ADAPTED TO LAND…AMNIOTIC EGG

  19. AVES • BIRDS • FEATHERS • HOLLOW BONES • ENDOTHERMIC • NO TEETH • BEAKS AND FEET ADAPTED TO FEEDING BEHAVIOR • AMNIOTIC EGG

  20. MAMMALIA • ENDOTHERMIC • HAVE HAIR • HAVE TEETH (most) • PRODUCE MILK • NURSE YOUNG • OIL GLANDS called SEBACEOUS GLANDS

  21. MONOTREMES • EGG-LAYERS • DUCK-BILL PLATYPUS & SPINY ANTEATER

  22. MARSUPIALS • YOUNG BORN UNDERDEVELOPED • COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT IN POUCH • KANGAROOS, OPPOSUM, KOALAS

  23. PLACENTAL • ALL OTHER MAMMALS • YOUNG BORN FULLY DEVELOPED AND NURSE FROM MOTHER

  24. Can you name the animal phyla or class?

  25. AVES

  26. OSTEICHTHYES

  27. MOLLUSCA

  28. MAMMALIA

  29. NEMATODA

  30. MAMMALIA

  31. ARTHROPODA/INSECTA

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