Model-Driven Mechanism in Information Systems and Enterprise Engineering

1. Model-Driven Mechanismin Information Systems and Enterprise Engineering An extract from the lecture on Enterprise, Model, and Information System, by Mountriver TY Yu, at Management School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, September 23, 2007

2. Towards Models The traces of models are much more than the imagination at the beginning

3. Models Models and Modeling Modeling Rules (Languages) and, able to be handled by computer… Clear, Disambiguous Modeling Past Present Future Designed Some thing Model: a blueprint which is established according to some predetermined rules, to achieving expected and accurate understanding or uses Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

4. Some typical answers to the uses of models • visualization, graphical representation or image; • accurate representation with strict semantics instead of free speech; • recording, sharing, communicating, to reach a common understanding; • for analysis, diagnosis, evaluation, study; • for planning (reengineering), implementation; • for integration, interoperation; • model-driven system development (MDD, MDE); • simulating (the classical field for models and modeling); • ... • However, are there more fundamental answer? Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

5. Model-Driven Mechanism An advanced mechanism to the functions and behaviors of a system

6. Some mechanism to changing or control the behaviors/functions of a system driving / controlling showing / acting on Functional System Operator / Controller Environment Object Observer Direct-Driving / Control Mechanism Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

7. Some mechanism to changing or control the behaviors/functions of a system Functional System Environment Object Observer in-put out-put Operational Device control Operator Controller adjust feedback loop Controller Feedback Mechanism Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

8. Applied Model(s) A more advanced mechanism to changing or control the functions/behaviors of a system It accesses/uses the applied models according to the modeling knowledge It is worked and can be changed in runtime. Modeling Knowledge according-to / interpreted-by according-to / utilizes driving / executing Environment Object Observer Operational Device Modeler (Controller) effected / operated-on modeling RUNTIME MDM is the common fundament for both MDS and MDA/MDD. It may be an intrinsic mark for that complex systems are evolved into an advanced stage. Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

9. Some points to understanding MDM/MDS • The independence of models: The models is independent of media and system, and can be modified, reproduced, transmitted or transferred. • The timeliness of models*: The models work in runtime within the system. • The evolvability of models*: MDS/MDM allows continuous changing the models when they are working in a system at runtime. • The non-exclusive of MDM: It can be co-existed with other mechanisms in a system. *Proposed in Yu 2002. Note • Based on fixed model(s), i.e., can not be changed in runtime, is not a model-driven system. • Model-Driven ≠ Model-Based Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

10. Model-Driven Mechanism (MDM)1999 - 2005 Modeling Knowledge according-to / utilize-by according-to / interpret-by Functional System Model-Driven System (MDS) showing acting on Environment Object Observer driving / control Controller Applied Model Operational Device modeling Model-Driven Mechanism (MDM) makes all or part of functions and behaviours (or the structure and form) of a system to be controlled or mastered by model(s). (Yu 2005) Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

11. Model-Driven Systems (MDS) For a system, if all of its functions and behaviors can be defined, controlled and changed through MDM in runtime, then it is a full model-driven system (MDS). In brief, MDS is a class of system that the main functions and behaviors are controlled or realized with MDM. (Yu 2005) Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

12. Two ways to changing the functions and behaviors of a system on MDM Discoverer and Creator Way 1: direct Way 2: indirect Modeling Knowledge CHANGE RESPONDING according-to / utilizes according-to / interpreted-by Applied Model(s) Environment Object Observer effected / operated on Modeler (controller) driving / used-by Operational Device or System modeling Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

13. Examples of MDM/MDS • MDM is appearing in many sorts of system which have own functions or behaviors, such as software, automobiles, businesses, development projects, and so on. For instance • Many real-time embedded systems; • Executable model(s) + engine, or script + virtual machine; • Relational database management systems (and in Codd's 12 rules); • Model-Driven development (MDD): as a system producing software; • Computers themselves is one of the best example: "software" is model, the application (with the hardware in runtime) is a model-driven system; • ... • Thoughts are models, so, a human being is the most advanced model-driven system. Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

14. Using Model-Driven Mechanismin Information Systems (ISs)

15. Applied Models Model-Driven Enterprise Information Systems (MDEIS) Constructing new generation of enterprise information systems on MDM Enterprise Architect Software Developer Modeling Rules, Languages, Frameworks, Ref. Models development according-to Application System User, Business Staff Modeler, Enterprise Engineer Functional Engine modeling They are enterprise / business models Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

16. Applied Models (Requirements) A demand-driven architectural framework for development of ISs, based on MDM Indeed, this is also an explanation about the system of model driven development. Foreign Knowledge Discoverer and Creator Modeling Knowledge according-to / interpreted-by according-to / utilizes effected / operated-on Implementing Team Out-put: App Systems Planner Modeler design / modeling driving / executing indirect use Study-Create direct use analysis and study Discover-Solve Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

17. Using Model-Driven Mechanismin Enterprise Engineering (EE)

18. The gap between business and IT in Enterprise Engineering • One of the basic purpose of Enterprise Engineering was to bridge the gap between business and IT. • But in past EE, e.g., from James Martin, the methods were still paper-based, traditional and manual. • Of course, this was not “his” problem, this is still one of the biggest problems we face today. • We can further fill the gap left in EE, through MDM. Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

19. The gap left in EE Total Quality Management Software Engineering Business Reengineering Information Engineering the methods were still paper-based, traditional and manual Enterprise Engineering this picture simplified from the Exhibit 5.10 "The fusion of business methods and IT methods", Martin (1995, p80) Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

20. EE/EA EM Enterprise Platform To fill the gap in Enterprise Engineering by MDM Total Quality Management Software Engineering To use an enterprise model driven information system to supporting EE Business Reengineering Information Engineering Enterprise Engineering EM MDS MDM Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

21. Models The relationships between the three fields of Enterprise Engineering Practice Analysis / Modeling Tools, Model-Driven Platforms Analysis / Modeling the principle the models work on: Model-Driven Mechanism Technology Knowledge Driving / Conversion / Mapping Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

22. the models are independent of IT Example in EE: an architectural framework for promoting and implementing e-government making a dynamic cycle on MDM Knowledge of Modeling and Gov. Engineering according-to / interpreted-by according-to / utilizes Government (Business) Framework/Models according-to / utilizes driving / executing effected / operated-on Government Objects to Service Planner Implementation System of E-government IT Apps Development Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

23. Example in EE: an architectural framework for promoting and implementing e-government more relationships and roles Foreign Knowledge Knowledge of Modeling and Gov. Engineering Reviewer and Auditor Discoverer and Creator Government (Business) Framework/Models Government Objects to service Planner Modeler Implementation System of E-government implement Note. In general, of course, this is also an architectural framework for EE (and, the EA). the position of the researcher to government engineering Implementer Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

24. References Martin, James (1995)The Great Transition: using the seven disciplines of enterprise engineering to align people, technology and strategy, James Martin -1st AMACOM pbk. ed. Yu, TY Mountriver (2005) New Generation of Enterprise Information System: From Essential Requirements Analysis and Research to Model-Driven System, EE-Forum.org, http://www.ee-forum.org/downloads/YU_MDEIS2005_050216b.pdf Yu, TY Mountriver (2002) The Hierarchical Principle of Complex System and Model-Driven Software Architecture, EE-Forum.org, http://www.ee-forum.org/hm.html(in Chinese) Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org

25. Remarks • This slide is an extract from the lecture on Enterprise, Model, and Information System, at Management School, Jinan University, Sep 23, 2007. This English version was translated from the whole presentation in Chinese, with a bit modification. The original file athttp://www.ee-forum.org/downloads/ty_jnu070917a.pps • Mountriver TY Yu, January 14, 2012, China • E-mail: tongying.yu (at) gmail.com • Updated January 15, 2012 • P20, removed the PDCA cycle: it was with more explaining but not included in this vision. • P22, the order to showing the 4 labels on the MDM triangle, it is now appeared at the beginning. • P24, corrected the error at “Martin, James (2005)” to (1995). Mountriver TY Yu, EE-Forum.org