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The evolving landscape of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) highlights both progress and challenges. While techniques have advanced since the introduction of total circulatory arrest (TCA) in the 1950s, the long-term neurologic deficits associated with DHCA remain a significant concern. Notable milestones include the application of TCA in early complete cardiac repair by Barratt-Boyes in 1970. DHCA offers advantages, such as reduced exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), yet understanding its impact on neurological outcomes is critical for improving patient care.
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