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Classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages

Monocytes. Vascular wall. Adipose tissue. Classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Alternative anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Consequences for atherosclerosis and complications of obesity.

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Classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages

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  1. Monocytes Vascular wall Adipose tissue Classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages Alternative anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages Consequences for atherosclerosis and complications of obesity Figure 1: Circulating monocytes can infiltrate the vascular wall during atherosclerosis and adipose tissue during obesity and can differentiate in different macrophage sub-populations, exemplified by the extreme pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage subtypes

  2. IL-4 12/15-LOX STAT6 PPARg natural ligands PPARg synthetic ligands PPARg Monocytes M2 macrophages Figure 2: PPARg activation promotes alternative macrophage differentiation. IL-4 induces PPARg expression and activity by generating natural PPARg ligands via the 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15 LOX) pathway PPARg activation by its ligands promotes monocyte differentiation toward M2 macrophages in mice and humans.

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