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The Political Landscape of Slavery and Secession in Pre-Civil War America

This section delves into the complex political dynamics surrounding slavery in America leading up to the Civil War. Key events include the Dred Scott decision, which declared slaves as property, the Lecompton Constitution endorsed by President Buchanan, and the Lincoln-Douglas debates on the morality and legality of slavery. Tensions escalated with John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry, which polarized northern and southern sentiments. The aftermath of Lincoln’s 1860 election prompted Southern states to secede, leading to the formation of the Confederacy and shaping the course of American history.

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The Political Landscape of Slavery and Secession in Pre-Civil War America

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  1. Slavery and Secession Section 10-4 pp. 324-331

  2. Slavery Dominates Politics • The Dred Scott Decision • Decided by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney • Court ruled that: • Living in a free territory did not make Scott free • Slaves are considered property under the Constitution • States can’t deny a person their property • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional • Impact: • Slavery can exist anywhere in the U.S. • Worsened sectional tensions

  3. Slavery Dominates Politics • The Lecompton Constitution • President Buchanan endorses pro-slavery government of Lecompton, KS • Caused Democratic Party to split

  4. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Lincoln and Douglas debate slavery in the territories • Douglas favored popular sovereignty • Lincoln believed slavery was immoral

  5. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • The Freeport Doctrine • Douglas’ position that a territory could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws supporting it

  6. Passions Ignite • The Raid at Harper’s Ferry, VA • John Brownattempted to seize a federal arsenal and start a slave uprising • U.S. Marines capture Brown, who is tried and executed for treason

  7. Passions Ignite • Reactions to John Brown’s Hanging • Some Northerners saw him as a martyr • Southerners saw him as a criminal • Worsened tension between North and South

  8. Lincoln Is Elected President • The Election of 1860 • Candidates: • Stephen Douglas (Democrat) • John C. Breckenridge (S. Democrat) • Abraham Lincoln (Republican) • John Bell (Constitutional Union)

  9. Southern Secession • Reaction to Lincoln’s Election • Southerners believe they will have no voice in the national gov’t • South Carolina secedes from the Union on December 20, 1860 • Six more states secede before Lincoln’s inauguration

  10. Southern Secession • The Shaping of the Confederacy • Secessionist states form Confederate States of America • Write constitution that protects slavery • Elect Jefferson Davisas their president

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