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Addressing HIV/AIDS in Disabled Populations: A Global Survey and Insights

This article presents findings from the World Bank and Yale University's global survey on HIV/AIDS among individuals with disabilities. It highlights the pervasive myth that people with disabilities are less at risk for HIV/AIDS. The survey reveals significant gaps in awareness, education, and outreach, indicating that individuals with disabilities face heightened risks, including stigma, poverty, and violence. The findings advocate for inclusive and accessible health education and intervention strategies to ensure that this vulnerable population receives relevant resources and support to effectively address HIV/AIDS.

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Addressing HIV/AIDS in Disabled Populations: A Global Survey and Insights

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  1. World Bank/Yale UniversityGlobal Survey on HIV/AIDS and Disability Nora Groce, Ph.D: Yale University Dr. Debrework Zewdie Global HIV/AIDS Program, World Bank Hon. Judith Heumann- World Bank Office of the Advisor on Disability and Development

  2. Unfortunately, too often individuals with disability are not included in AIDS outreach efforts

  3. Incorrectly believed that: • They are not sexually active • They are unlikely to use intravenous drugs * They are less likely to be victims of violence – including sexual abuse & rape

  4. Embarked on Project to • Assess current state of knowledge about the impact of HIV/AIDS on disabled individuals and populations • Document current activities related on HIV/AIDS and disability worldwide • Identify models of good interventions currently in place or in planning • Identify gaps in the current system

  5. Over the past year, have done the following: • Global literature search to identify all knownscientific articles/resources/training manuals/researchers • Developed and disseminated a Survey via e-mail & ground mail on HIV/AIDS

  6. Two Key Questions • Is AIDS a significant concern to disabled population around the globe • Are AIDS messages reaching disabled populations?

  7. Mailed or E-mailed to: * 2800 compiled for the project on on our listserv * Carried by additional listservs to another 2000-3000 sites

  8. Distribution of Responses: 978 responses from 57 Countries • Governmental, NGO, Disability Advocacy organizations • From Organizations serving 5 to > 100,000 • From India and China to Faroe Islands • 43% Sub-Saharan African; 23% Asia, 10% Americas, 3% Pacific Islands

  9. What we currently know:

  10. All risk Associated with HIV are increased for individuals with Disability • Stigma • Poverty • Lack of Education • Risk of violence and rape • Substance abuse • Lack of accessible and affordable care

  11. Disability and Sexuality • Adolescents with many (although not all) types of disability reach puberty at the same age as their peers; • Adolescents and adults with disability are as likely to be sexually active as non-disabled peers; • Homosexuality and Bisexuality occurs at the same rate as among non-disabled

  12. Even when in School • Less likely to receive education in science and health education • More likely to routinely be excused from sex education courses • Far more likely than peers to drop out of school & drop out of school at an earlier age • UNICEF. A Global Overview of Young People Living with Disabilities. 1999

  13. Why they are not being reached: • Lack of education inhibits ability to obtain information * Information in Inaccessible Formats: - Radio campaigns miss the Deaf; • Billboards do not reach the Blind; • Complex/ vague messages do not reach those with intellectual impairments • Clinics/services are inaccessible

  14. Subgroups are at still higher risk • Women • Minorities • Individuals with disability who are homosexual or bisexual • AIDS Orphans who have an existing disability

  15. Also Lack of Access to • Health care for HIV/AIDS if infected • Drug and alcohol program • Domestic violence intervention programs • Community Centers, clinics and other places where condoms are distributed, AIDS education is held, etc.,etc.,

  16. Missing • Understanding of what programs work and why they work to provide education, intervention & etc. for disabled populations • What specific clinical needs might exist for individuals with disability vis-à-vis AIDS • For those few pilot projects already available, monitoring or evaluation

  17. Interventions: A Continuum • Type I: Inclusion as part of the general population with little or no adaptation needed • Type II: Inclusion as part of the general population with low/moderate cost adaptations • Type III: Disability-specific, targeted interventions; Involvement of disability advocacy as AIDS educators

  18. Conclusion • Individuals with Disability face all known risk factors for HIV/AIDS and at equal to up to three times greater risk of HIV infection than non-disabled individuals

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