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The Asian Experience: European Influence and the Rise of Local Powers in the Early 20th Century

This piece explores the impact of European colonial powers, particularly Spain and Portugal, on Asia from 1900 to 1905. It highlights Japan's rapid but transient rise and China's systemic issues, including landlordism and local capitalist exploitation. The early influence of Chartered Companies fostered capitalism while undermining local power structures. This analysis sheds light on the significant challenges faced by Asian nations, including land settlement, employment, and addressing population growth in the wake of colonial domination.

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The Asian Experience: European Influence and the Rise of Local Powers in the Early 20th Century

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  1. The Asian Experience

  2. The Disposition of European Power

  3. Earliest European Possessions Spain Portugal

  4. 1900

  5. 1905 The “Late Empire” • The rise of Japan—dramatic and short-lived

  6. China: The Prostrate Cow

  7. Asia’s Characteristics. • Much stronger state development before the arrival of the Colonial powers. • Aim was to buy influence, back local power structure, exclude European rivals, and control markets. • Much of the early development was under the influence of Chartered Companies. Trade and profit was their sole aim.

  8. Brought capitalism into existing structure Obtained plantation Land by favoring one Local power over another

  9. Consequences • Landlordism: as a result of debt, many Indian peasants fell into the hands of local capitalists who loaned money at rapacious rates, and ended up owning the land. • The same problem existed in China, and it was the major reason why the Chinese revolution of 1949 came out of the countryside. The problem for Asia was to (i) incorporate the plantations, (ii) cope with the growing number of landless either through land settlement or alternative employment, (iii) to feed rapidly rising populations.

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