Introduction to Communication

1. Introduction to Communication Lecture 7: Conversation and Conflict

2. Conversation • Opening • Can be verbal and non-verbal but mostly both • Feed –forward • Open the channels of communication (Phatic communication) • Altercasting – a statement that placing the receiver in a specific role and requesting that the receiver respond in terms of this assumed • As an advertising manager what would you do? • Disclaimer – a statement to persuade listener to hear your message • Don’t say anything until you hear my side

3. Conversation (Con’t) • Business • Turn-taking = Face to face conversation that participants exchange role of the speaker and listener frequently through interaction • Leave-taking cues = signal that the other person wants to end the conversation or the e-mail relationship • Monologue Vs Dialogue (may creates ambiguity)

4. Conversation (Con’t) • Feedback • Negative Vs Positive (critical and supportive) • Closing • “the good bye” • non verbal might be same as opening • Don’t want prolong and won’t impolite , How? • NRN • Hope this helps • FYI • End it with Thank you in advance, and start it with help or please

5. Reflection on the Model of Conversation • Not all conversations divide neatly into those five steps • Opening and Feedforward often are combined • E.g., “Hey, listen to this” • Culture respect otherwise may interpret violations and damage entire conversations • Wow, You’ve gained few pounds • Conducting business “Well what’s wrong”

6. Effective Conversation • General Conversational Skills • Specific Conversational Skills

7. General Conversational Skills • Mindfulness – thinking or behaving • Flexibility – situation • Cultural sensitivity – aware of cultural differences • Metacommunication – communication refers to other communication

8. How to increases? • Mindfulness – thinking or behaving • Relying on first impression • Create categories • Open new information • Flexibility – situation • Realise that no two situations people are exactly alike • Realise that different situation offer different options

9. How to increases? (con’t) • Metacommunication – communication refers to other communication • Explain the feelings • Paraphrase complex message • Use metacommunication when to clarify communication patterns between yourself and another person – (I’d like to talk about the way you talk about me to you friends • Cultural sensitivity – aware of cultural differences • Recognise differences • Conscious – resist to assume that works in your culture will work to other culture

10. Specific Conversational Skills • Openness - willingness to self disclose • Empathy – an ability to feel what another person feels from perspective on you • Positiveness - “ I feel good when you are asking me questions” • Immediacy – joining speaker and listener (togetherness) to convey sense of interest and attention

11. Specific Conversational Skills • Interaction management – regulate and carry interpersonal interaction • Expressiveness – communicating with genuine involvement (expression) • Other-orientation – attentiveness and interest in what other person says

12. How to increases? • Openness • Self disclose when appropriate • Respond to others • Empathy • Avoid evaluating or judging but try to understand • Focus on concentration • Self-disclose to communicate your understanding

13. How to increases? • Positiveness • Positive thinking • Express satisfaction • Immediacy • Use the other person’s name rater than “you” • Eye contact and physical closeness • Expressiveness • Use appropriate gestures

14. How to increases? • Other-orientation • Show consideration and respect • Focus on message and attention