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Nanoparticles and their medical applications

Nanoparticles and their medical applications. By: Maryam Liaqat Jason Feng Eric Ma. Outline. Nanomedicine – what is it? Nanoparticle Applications: Drug Delivery - Maryam Detection - Eric Imaging - Jason Nanotechnology Concerns. Nanomedicine. Nanotechnology applied medically

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Nanoparticles and their medical applications

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  1. Nanoparticles and their medical applications By: Maryam Liaqat Jason Feng Eric Ma

  2. Outline • Nanomedicine – what is it? • Nanoparticle Applications: • Drug Delivery - Maryam • Detection - Eric • Imaging - Jason • Nanotechnology Concerns

  3. Nanomedicine • Nanotechnology applied medically • New breakthroughs in medicine • Advanced biomedical research tools • Labels to experiments • Study of DNA and its component genes • Diagnostic tests • In bone implants etc…

  4. Drug Delivery Methods • Systems that deliver drugs to specific sites • Sample Methods: • Smart Drugs • Nanocomposite hydrogel systems • Magnetic Nanoparticles

  5. Drug Delivery • Smart drugs • Attack specific antigens • Immunotoxins that are protein in nature • Consist of an antibody part and toxic part

  6. Drug Delivery • Nanocomposite hydrogel systems • Thermo therapeutic process • Releases drugs that are encapsulated on heating • Gold nanoshells/nanoparticles can be used • Ideal wavelengths of light are infra red i.e 800-1200nm

  7. Drug Delivery • Magnetic Nanoparticles • Drugs are bound to magnetic nanoparticles • Carry drugs to malignant sites with magnetic fields • Release the drugs by enzymatic activity

  8. Disease Detection • Cancer/Virus Detection • Carbon Nanotubes • Gold nanoparticles & Nanodots • Nanowires • Gene Detection • Silicon nanowires Picture taken from http://mednews.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5036.html

  9. Cancer/Virus Detection • Carbon Nanotubes: • Covered with monoclonal antibodies • Antibodies for growth factor receptor commonly found in cancer cells • Current increases measured • Silicon Nanowires • Similar in use to nanotubes • Antibodies attached to wire • Current changes measured • Can be applied to cancer cells and viruses Taken from http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/ 2004/10.07/01-nanovirus.html

  10. Cancer/Virus Detection • Gold Nanoparticles & Nanodots • Similar application • Antibodies attached to nanoparticles • Nanoparticle antibodies bind to cancer cells • Colors reflected when light hits particles • Shapes and sizes affect color Taken from http://www.gatech.edu/news-room /release.php?id=561

  11. Gene Detection • Silicon nanowire: • Can detect specific genes • Nucleic acids attached to nanowires • Specific sequences can be created • Sensor capable of differentiating mutated and nonmutated genes • PCR not needed -> detection time lowered

  12. Imaging Techniques • Conventional Techniques: • X-ray, MRI, Fluoroscopy • CAT scan • Limitations • Limited detail • Difficult to track movement Taken from: http://www.besttreatments.co.uk/btuk /images/lung_cancer_xray.jpg

  13. Imaging Applications • Molecular Tracking: • Use Quantum Dots as labels • Dots attached to molecules before injection • Fluoroscopy used to track movement • Colors from dots seen and imaged

  14. Imaging Applications • Tracking blood flow: • Tag proteins of cells with gold nanoparticles • View process of angiogenesis • Important for cancer detection and imaging • Cancer Imaging: • Injection of gold nanoparticles • Localization around tumors • CT scan shows cancerous regions Taken from http://www.rsna.org/ Publications/rsnanews/oct05/nanoparticles.cfm

  15. Possible Concerns • Negative biological side-effects: • Toxicity of quantum nanodots • Effects on living organisms not well known • Gold nanoparticles safer: • Biologically inert • Won’t interact with other chemicals

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