“ECHO CANCELLATION”

1. “ECHO CANCELLATION” Presented by Debabandana Apta Roll # EC200163376 Under the Guidance of Mr. G.V. Kiran Kumar

2. Two types of echo are present : Acoustic echo: Acoustic echo is generated with analog and digital handsets, with the degree of echo related to the type and quality of equipment used. This form of echo is produced by poor voice coupling between the earpiece and microphone in handsets and hands-free devices. Acoustic Echo on Digital Cellular TYPE OF ECHO

3. Hybrid Echo • Hybrid echo is electrically generated echo is created as voice signals are transmitted across the network via the hybrid connection at the two-wire/four-wire PSTN conversion points, reflecting electrical energy back to the speaker from the four-wire circuit.. • Hybrid echo is the primary source of echo generated from the public-switched telephone network (PSTN). .

4. Acoustic echo apart, background noise is generated through the network when analog and digital phones are operated in hands-free mode . As additional sounds are directly and indirectly picked up by the microphone, multi-path audio is created and transmitted back to the talker. Digital processing delays and speech-compression techniques further contribute to echo generation and degraded voice quality in wireless networks. CAUSES OF ECHO

5. An acoustic echo canceller works in the following fashion: it records the sound going to the loudspeaker and substract it - in some way - from the signal coming from the microphone. The sound going through the echo-loop is transformed and delayed, and noise is added, which complicate the substraction process. PRINCIPLES OF ECHO CANCELLATION

6. Controlling Complex Echo in a Wireless Digital Network. The Combined Problem on Digital Cellular Networks. Controlling Acoustic Echo Controlling Acoustic Echo THE PROCESS OF ECHO CANCELLATION

7. For digital/data communication system to get ride of echo problem echo canceller used. Echo Canceller for Digital/Data Communication

8. Echo suppression: The module identifies echo and suppresses it by means of gain control. Echo suppression prevents howling effect (positive feedback loop). The module allows one party to interrupt the other party's speech. The algorithm adapts to background noise level and to echo gain and delay. Echo cancellation: The module removes the echo by means of adaptive filtering. Both parties may talk freely at the same time. Echo cancellation prevents the howling effect (positive feedback loop). ECHO CANCELLATION TECHNOLOGY

9. THE IMPORTANCE OF ECHO CANCELLATION • One of the primary challenges faced by service providers in delivering quality voice communications is the elimination of echo which is ever-present on almost all telephone calls. • The hybrid is not completely efficient in carrying the electrical energy and a certain amount of the electrical energy, or voice signal, is reflected back and may be perceived as echo.

10. When a person is on the phone, a sound wave received on the earpiece enters through mouthpiece of the handset via reflections off objects in the sound path and circulate the feedback loop. SUBBAND ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION FOR MOBILE & HANDS FREE PHONES IN CAR

11. In AEC systems Multi-path echo, time varying echo, combined echo and noise reduction and performance of the echo canceller are some of the issues that have to be thoroughly scrutinized when designing the AEC system. Sub-band adaptive filtering is one of the common solutions for AEC systems Technical Issues

12. New digital cellular networks and network scenarios reflect a significant change taking place in the operation of echo cancellers. Echo cancellers have now become highly sophisticated transmission equipment at the center of highly complex networks. Network operators and telcos implementing echo cancellation across their networks will hold the key to improved call quality, directly impacting their ability to provide enhanced network performance, increase talk time revenues, and reduce subscriber churn. Conclusion

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