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Is There L ife O ut T here? Our Solar System (and beyond)

Is There L ife O ut T here? Our Solar System (and beyond). Draw a picture of what you think life would look like on another planet, if it existed. Describe why you drew that image. What is needed for life to exist?. http://phl.upr.edu/library/notes/summarylimitsofthenewhabitablezone.

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Is There L ife O ut T here? Our Solar System (and beyond)

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  1. Is There Life Out There? Our Solar System (and beyond) Draw a picture of what you think life would look like on another planet, if it existed. Describe why you drew that image.

  2. What is needed for life to exist? http://phl.upr.edu/library/notes/summarylimitsofthenewhabitablezone • Liquid water • Habitable Zone • What can effect HZ? • Star – size and temperature • Distance from star • Size of planet • Structure of planet • Presence of atmosphere • Other source of heat

  3. Our Sun http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/524990main_FAQ10_full.jpg • How did it form? • Basic facts • 99.8% of mass • 100x diameter of Earth • 5,527oC • 92.1% H, 7.8% He • Plasma • Sun today

  4. Inner Solar Structure • Core • Dense • Hydrogen fusion • Radiative (radiation) zone • Uses radiation • Energy moves slowly • Convection zone • Uses convection • Materials rise and sink due to density • Moves more quickly

  5. Outer Solar Structure • Photosphere • Visible surface • Chromosphere • Red • High speed gas • Corona • Hot • Outermost layer • Seen during an eclipse

  6. Surface Feature Basics http://www.space.com/11506-space-weather-sunspots-solar-flares-coronal-mass-ejections.html http://oneminuteastronomer.com/1018/sunspots/ • Sunspots • Dark • Cold • Solar flares • High energy • Explosive • Prominence • Loops/arches http://spacefellowship.com/news/art21967/the-strange-case-of-solar-flares-and-radioactive-elements.html

  7. Daily Review #1 • Video • Write down your observations • Why did that happen? • Correct solar structure worksheet • What is needed for life as we know it? • Describe 3 things that would effect where life could be found in a solar system.

  8. Sunspot Lab

  9. Sun’s Magnetic Field http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597396/ • What is a magnetic field? • What causes a magnetic field? • On the Sun? • Effect of rotation • Different rotation rates • Magnetic field lines get wound up • Eventually snap • Causes a solar flare • Solar prominences • Follow magnetic field lines into space

  10. Daily Review #2 Solar Quiz – Get out a computer and log on to your account

  11. Sunspots • Cooler than nearby areas • Appear in pairs • Intense magnetic field • Lines go out and in • Predictable cycle • 11-years • Minimums • Last = 2008 • Low # of prominences, flares and sunspots • Cooler climate on Earth • Next maximum = 2013

  12. Solar Wind http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/browse/2013/10/14/index.shtml • Hot, high speed, plasma streams • Corona expanding • Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) • Massive eruption • Rearrangement of magnetic field lines • One hit on 10/15/13 • Effects on Earth • Disrupt magnetic field shape • Danger to astronauts • Damage electronics • Aurora

  13. Aurora http://www.public.iastate.edu/~sdk/fick2003/october.html • Borealis or Australis • Interaction of particles and magnetic field • Particles drawn to poles • Colors • Elements • Altitude • Constantly changing • Video http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110930-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bright-colors/#/space163-aurora-borealis-from-space_41077_600x450.jpg

  14. Distances within our Solar System • Astronomical unit (AU) • Average distance from Sun to Earth • 1 AU= 9.3 x 107mi = 1.5 x 108km • Calculate the AU distance between the Earth and the Moon, 0.38 million km

  15. Daily Review #3 Ceres is located 414,000,000 km from the Sun. How far is that in astronomical units? How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares similar? How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares different? How are the aurora created? How can a CME change the aurora?

  16. Forming the Solar System http://www.seasky.org/solar-system/solar-system.html • Nebula • Inner edges • Heavier elements • Hotter • Rocky planets • Outer edges • Cooler • Lighter elements • Gas planets • Nebula  planetesimals  protoplanets http://lifeng.lamost.org/courses/astrotoday/CHAISSON/AT315/HTML/AT31502.HTM

  17. Formation – cont. http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/solarsys/revolution.html • Evidence for formation from one nebula • Nearly circular orbits • Orbit in same direction • Orbits in same plane • Planets rotate in same direction (mostly)

  18. Terrestrial vs. Gas Planets and More! http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/showthread.php/280231-Positions-of-Asteroid-Kuiper-Belts-amp-Oort-Cloud • Terrestrial planets • Asteroid belt • Effected by Jupiter • May leave and collide with planets • Meteorites • Gas giants • Kuiper belt • Icy chunks • Oort cloud • Comets • Source of Earth’s water?

  19. Gravity http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/grav.html http://www.universetoday.com/38858/new-way-to-measure-curvature-of-space-could-unite-gravity-theory/ • What does it cause to happen? • Attraction, orbiting • Laws • Newton • More mass = more gravity • Closer together = more gravity • Fall at constant rate • Theories • Why does it exist? • Einstein • Gravitons

  20. Weight Newtons Scale Definition Calculate: W = mg Can change with location and motion Weightlessness Mass • kg, g, lbs. • Balance • Definition • Doesn’t change with location

  21. Recent Discoveries about Mars What was discovered by the Mars Curiosity rover and its research? Why are those discoveries important? Should we continue this research? Why or why not?

  22. Daily Review #4 Describe how the planets, moons and other items formed in the solar system Draw a picture of the solar system including the location of the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt and Oort cloud How are mass and weight different? Should the U.S. spend more, less or the same amount of money on exploring space? Why?

  23. Formation of the Moon Theories http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130710-moon-birth-impact-science-space-cover/ • Captured by Earth’s gravity • Formed at same time as Earth • Collision of planetesimals • Current theory • Collision with early Earth • Similar material to Earth • Age – 4.5 billion years

  24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_the_Moon Moon Basics • Structure • Solid inner core • Liquid outer core • Solid mantle • No magnetic field • Virtually no atmosphere • Same side faces the Earth • Drastic temp. differences • Surface shaped by • Early volcanic activity • Asteroids • Reflects sunlight http://www.madpc.co.uk/~peterl/Moon/Craters/Apennines.html

  25. Moon Phases http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtml • Complete front of worksheet • What is occurring in these phases? • Full • New • Quarter • Between phases • Waxing vs. waning • Gibbous vs. crescent • Name the phase

  26. Eclipses http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/art-87433/During-a-solar-eclipse-the-Moon-passes-between-the-sun • Complete worksheet • Lunar • Which phase? • What is happening? • Doesn’t always happen because of the Moon’s orbital path • Solar • Which phase? • What is happening? • Only seen on a portion of the Earth

  27. Daily Review #5 What is the current theory on how the Moon was formed? Describe how the new moon and full moon are created. How are solar and lunar eclipses similar? How are they different? In 2006, a group of astronomers gathered and one of their tasks was to define what makes something a planet. What would your definition be?

  28. What is a Planet? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types • Orbit a star • Round • Has enough gravity • Dominant object in its orbit • What is not on this list, but is on yours? • What if it doesn’t meet all the requirements?

  29. What else could it be? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asteroidsscale.jpg • Dwarf planet • Orbit a star • Round • Asteroid • Orbit a star • Where? • Moon (natural satellite) • Orbit another body • What all would be considered a moon? http://starryskies.com/The_sky/events/lunar-2003/planets.moons.jpg

  30. A new celestial body has been discovered! How should this body be classified and why? Craft and argument and support with evidence. • Orbits the sun once every 90,465 days • Volume is about 1/200th the size of Earth • Large enough to relatively round in shape • Average surface temperature -229O C • ~5.9 billion km from the Sun (outside of the gas giants) • Elliptical and angled orbit • Crosses paths with Neptune (which is much larger than this new object)

  31. This object is also known as… PLUTO!!! • Why is it not a planet? • Orbit a star? • Yes • Round? • Yes • Dominant object in orbit? • NO! • What is Pluto?

  32. Daily Review #6 What does it take to be considered a planet? If a body in space is not a planet, what else could it be? Describe 5 different characteristics of the Moon. Describe how the Moon effects the tides on Earth.

  33. Tides What patterns do you observe on the tide chart? How are the patterns you saw related to the phases of the moon?

  34. Earth and its Moon • Tides! • Bay of Fundy • Big Picture • Tides vs. Waves • High vs. Low • Where on Earth?

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