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GlobE Chamomile ( Oncosiphon piluliferum )

GlobE Chamomile ( Oncosiphon piluliferum ). CAZCA Meeting Desert Botanical Garden Phoenix 22 January 2019 John Scheuring Conservation Committee Chairman The Arizona Native Plant Society. The Beautiful Beast. Globe Chamomile Oncosiphon piluliferum. But not the Chamomile Tea we drink….

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GlobE Chamomile ( Oncosiphon piluliferum )

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  1. GlobE Chamomile (Oncosiphonpiluliferum) . CAZCA Meeting Desert Botanical Garden Phoenix 22 January 2019 John Scheuring Conservation Committee Chairman The Arizona Native Plant Society

  2. The Beautiful Beast Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  3. But not the Chamomile Tea we drink… Chamomile Chamaemelumnobile

  4. Distinctive round “globe” flowers Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  5. Distinctive deeply segmented leaves Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  6. The Beautiful Beast : Growth • A winter annual • Germination, growth, and dispersion favored by wet years • Germinates in November and December • Flowering is triggered by the winter equinox • Seed ripening and dispersion starts in February • Seed dispersion continues to late May in wet years Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  7. The Beautiful Beast : A foreigner • Native to South Africa • Currently considered an invasive • Soon to be classified as an Arizona Noxious Weed Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  8. The Beautiful Beast in Arizona • In Arizona first reported in Maricopa County in 1990s • By 2005 it had infested Ben Avery facility, Cave Creek USFS Ranger station, and parts of the Tonto • By 2015 it had heavily infested lower I-17 • With wet year 2016 there was an explosion throughout the Phoenix Metro area Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  9. The Beautiful Beast Spread in Arizona • The infestation of the Ben Avery facility provided a perfect storm for infestation in Maricopa County • It was allowed to bulk up unimpeded for over 15 years • Seed ripening coincided with the annual Arizona Outdoors Exposition in late March-Early April • Seed has been dispersed by thousands of visitors over many years Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  10. Ben Avery early emergence by November 2018

  11. > Seeds drop from vehicles when they decelerate and accelerate> I 17 on and off-ramps ramps Carefree to -New River became rife with globe chamomile

  12. From roadwaysGlobe Chamomile spreads into the open desert

  13. Winter 2016/17widespread throughout Phoenix metropolitan neighborhoods • Very favorable winter rain distribution resulted in multiple generations between December 2016 and May 2017 • Opportunistic infestations throughout Phoenix neighborhoods >> Cave Creek to Mesa. • Growth in road and sidewalk cracks throughout Central Phoenix • Found throughout the Tonto NF

  14. Winter 2017/18dry Summer and Fall 2017 followed by little or no emergence • Little or no visible emergence in Phoenix and Tucson areas • No major infestations spotted

  15. Winter 2018/19wet Summer and Fall 2018 followed by massive emergence • Plant emergence at Tucson Prince Rd site by early November 2018 • Massive early plant emergence at Ben Avery Shooting Range • We must be prepared for a major spread of Globe Chamomile in the Phoenix metro area this season and new infestations throughout Tucson.

  16. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ? • Stop the spread from hotspots • But Glyphosate herbicide does not work • Trichlopyr at low rates works well Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  17. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ? Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  18. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ? Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  19. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ? Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  20. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ? • Keep plants from flowering and going to seed • Dig them up in urban landscapes • Use Trichlopyr (Garlon) at low rates to cover a lots of ground Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  21. The Beautiful Beast : What can we do ?Awareness Awareness Awareness • No one knows about Globe Chamomile !! • It was proposed to be added to the AZ Noxious Weeds List in 2007 • BUT in 2008 Gov Brewer imposed a moratorium on all state rule changes • That moratorium was reinstated by Gov Ducey in 2014 • AZDA has sent new rule change wording to the Governor and legislature for expected approval by April 2019….. Globe Chamomile Oncosiphonpiluliferum

  22. . Globe Chamomile : Summary Oncosiphonpiluliferum • Winter composite annual, Dec-May • “Herbage with Vile Odor” • Also called “Stinknet” • Distinctive dark green “carrot like” foliage • Distinctive round and bright yellow flower clusters • Origin South Africa • Easily establishes in disturbed soils • Prodigious growth and seed production • Remarkable aerial seed dispersal • Current hotspots : Riverside Cty CA and Maricopa Cty AZ • Glyphosate herbicide is ineffective • Garlon (trichlopyrai) herbicide is recommended

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