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Enhancing Next-Generation In-Vehicle Navigation for Older Drivers Using Landmarks

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This study explores how older drivers, who often find wayfinding more challenging than younger drivers, can benefit from landmark-based navigation systems. The research compares older and younger drivers' performance using landmarks in a real driving environment. It investigates how effective navigation decisions reduce cognitive effort, increase confidence, and improve satisfaction. By employing auditory prompts and various navigation aids, results highlight the importance of landmarks like traffic signals and gas stations in enhancing navigation performance and driver attitudes.

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Enhancing Next-Generation In-Vehicle Navigation for Older Drivers Using Landmarks

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  1. Interacting with Computers 17 (2005) 643-659Andrew May, Tracy Ross, Zaheer OsmanThe design of next generation in-vehicle navigation system for the older driver Speaker: Jenny

  2. Older drivers perceive wayfinding as more difficult than young drivers. (Burns, 1997) • Landmarks are key elements to an unfamiliar destination (Allen, 1999), as typically supported by a vehicle navigation system.

  3. Purpose: within a real driving environment, to investigate the extent to which older drivers benefit from the landmarks provision with navigation instructions

  4. comparison • Older driver performance with and without landmarks • Older performance with landmarks compared to younger driver using those same landmarks

  5. Landmarks benefits • Effective navigation decisions (Tom and Denis, 2003; Bengler et al., 1994) • Reduce cognitive effort and distraction (Burnett, 1998) • Increase confidence and satisfaction (Alm et al., 1992; Green et alk., 1993)

  6. Attributes of good landmarks • Permanence, visibility, usefulness of location, uniqueness (Burnett et al., 2001) • Landmarks in this study: • Traffic lights, pedestrian lights, gas station, public house

  7. Method • Apparatus: Land Rover Freelander • direction arrow, distance countdown bar, road name • Auditory prompts: landmarks or distance to turn information

  8. Experiment • 2(age) x 2(information) x 8 (manoeuvre) • 32 participants • Young(21-40) & older(55 and over) • Time: 40 mins • Speed limit: 50 kph • Dependent variable: navigation performance, workload, driver confidence, and driver attitudes

  9. Route: South of Leicester, UK • 37 driver decision points in 17.5 km • Manoeuvres:8 target + 25 en-route

  10. Results—visual behavior • Visual glance

  11. Results—visual behavior

  12. Results—visual behavior

  13. Results—driver confidence

  14. Results—driving errors

  15. Results—navigation performance

  16. Results—driver workload • NASA-RTLX (Hart and Staveland, 1998) • 心智負荷(Mental Demand) • 動作負荷(Physical Demand) • 時間壓力（Temporal) • 精力耗費(Effort) • 挫折感(Frustration Level) • 表現績效與滿意度(Performance)

  17. Results—driver attitudes • Both younger and older drivers stated that navigation system is helpful for wayfinding in unfamiliar area. • Both of them prefer using a navigation system as their usual means of navigating.

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