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Exploring Waves and Particles: From the Electromagnetic Spectrum to Quantum Zoo in Rough Science

Join us on a remote island journey as we delve into the fascinating world of waves, particles, electricity, and magnetism without instruments. Discover the characteristics, behaviors, and applications of waves, photons, electrons, and the electromagnetic spectrum. Uncover the mysteries of quantum physics, matter structure, forces, and the intriguing Higgs particle. Delve into the realms of electricity and magnetism, learning about circuits, resistance, magnetism, induction, and power generation with Rough Science techniques.

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Exploring Waves and Particles: From the Electromagnetic Spectrum to Quantum Zoo in Rough Science

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Presentation Transcript

  1. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Waves: Light, Sound, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

  2. Rough Science • We are stranded on a desert island, but since we are scientists, we will need to study our surroundings. • The problem is, we don’t have our instruments. • You must make either a telescope or a microscope 

  3. A Wave Is a Wiggle in Time • What is a wave? • What are the characteristics of a wave? • How is sound different from light? • What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum? • What are photons and electrons? • How can photons and electrons behave as both particles and waves? • How can the different wavelengths of the EMS be used to do work? • Why should we be concerned with short wavelength EM radiation?

  4. Characteristics of a Wave • Vibrational Energy • Amplitude • Cycle • Period • Frequency • Hertz

  5. Kinds of Waves • Longitudinal Waves • Transverse Waves

  6. Wave Behavior • Reflection • Refraction • Reverberation • Interference • Resonance

  7. Sound • Source and Direction • Loudness (amplitude) • Pitch (frequency) • Doppler Effect

  8. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Gamma Rays • X-Rays • UV Light • Visible Light Spectrum • IR Light • Microwaves • Radio Waves

  9. Light • Reflection • Refraction • Dispersion • Interference • Polarization • Photoelectric Effect • Red Shift

  10. Lasers and Holograms • Lasers are resonant light • Holograms are made by lasers • Holographic TV?

  11. Key Concepts • A wave is a wiggle in time. • Important characteristics of a wave include wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. • Waves can be reflected, refracted, and polarized. • Waves can create interference and resonance. • Sound waves are vibrations traveling through matter. • Sound waves share many characteristics with EM waves, but sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

  12. Key Concepts • The electromagnetic spectrum is the result of photons traveling at different wavelengths. • This energy is useful in many ways including the visible spectrum of light, microwaves, and radio waves. • Smaller wavelengths of the EMS can be dangerous since they can interfere with our cells and DNA. • Lenses and mirrors work by reflecting or refracting light. • Lasers are resonant light

  13. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Quantum Zoo

  14. The Structure of Matter • What’s Inside a Proton? • The Particle Zoo • Leptons • Quarks • Antimatter

  15. Standard Model • Up • Down • Charm • Strange • Bottom • Top

  16. Forces • Strong Force • Weak Force • Electromagnetic Force • Gravity (?)

  17. Particle or Wave? • Particle-Wave duality of nature • Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle • Double-slit experiment • Probability waves

  18. Higgs Particle (?) • Higg’s Ocean • Quantum Foam • Multiple dimensions

  19. Unified Theories • SuperSymmetry • M Theory • Loop Quantum Gravity • Cyclic Model

  20. Time • The Arrow of Time (?)

  21. Key Concepts • Quantum mechanics describes the behavior of subatomic particles • At the quantum level, mass and energy are the same • Behavior at the quantum level is “strange” but true • Once particles form atoms and molecules, however, they behave deterministically

  22. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Electricity and Magnetism

  23. More Rough Science • It’s getting late and we need a flashlight  • Luckily, we have what we need from materials salvaged from the S.S. Minnow.

  24. Key Questions • What is electricity? • What is electric charge? • What is electric potential? • What is electric current? • What is resistance? • What is magnetism? • What is induction? • How is induction used in generators and transformers?

  25. Electric Charge • Measuring Electric Charge • Coulomb’s Law • Electric Potential (volts) • Electric Current (amps) • Resistance (ohms)

  26. Circuits • Simple Circuits • Parallel Circuits • Batteries

  27. AC / DC • Direct Current • Alternating Current

  28. Magnetism • Magnetic Poles • Magnetic Field • Induction

  29. Power • Generators • Power (watts) • Transformers • Transmission

  30. Key Concepts • An electron generates an electric charge. • Electrons always flow from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. • As electrons flow, their charge exerts a force on their surroundings. • The potential energy of this force depends on the amount of charge available. • Electric current is the rate of flow of electrons. • By overcoming resistance, electrons can do work. • Electricity can be converted to other forms of energy. • A magnetic field is generated by the disproportionate distribution of electrons in a substance. • A magnet can be used to induce the flow of electrons. • Flowing electrons can be used to induce a magnetic field. • Generators and transformers are technologies that utilize the principle of induction.

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