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NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Waves: Light, Sound, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Waves: Light, Sound, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Rough Science. We are stranded on a desert island, but since we are scientists, we will need to study our surroundings. The problem is, we don’t have our instruments.

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NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Waves: Light, Sound, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

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  1. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Waves: Light, Sound, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

  2. Rough Science • We are stranded on a desert island, but since we are scientists, we will need to study our surroundings. • The problem is, we don’t have our instruments. • You must make either a telescope or a microscope 

  3. A Wave Is a Wiggle in Time • What is a wave? • What are the characteristics of a wave? • How is sound different from light? • What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum? • What are photons and electrons? • How can photons and electrons behave as both particles and waves? • How can the different wavelengths of the EMS be used to do work? • Why should we be concerned with short wavelength EM radiation?

  4. Characteristics of a Wave • Vibrational Energy • Amplitude • Cycle • Period • Frequency • Hertz

  5. Kinds of Waves • Longitudinal Waves • Transverse Waves

  6. Wave Behavior • Reflection • Refraction • Reverberation • Interference • Resonance

  7. Sound • Source and Direction • Loudness (amplitude) • Pitch (frequency) • Doppler Effect

  8. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Gamma Rays • X-Rays • UV Light • Visible Light Spectrum • IR Light • Microwaves • Radio Waves

  9. Light • Reflection • Refraction • Dispersion • Interference • Polarization • Photoelectric Effect • Red Shift

  10. Lasers and Holograms • Lasers are resonant light • Holograms are made by lasers • Holographic TV?

  11. Key Concepts • A wave is a wiggle in time. • Important characteristics of a wave include wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. • Waves can be reflected, refracted, and polarized. • Waves can create interference and resonance. • Sound waves are vibrations traveling through matter. • Sound waves share many characteristics with EM waves, but sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

  12. Key Concepts • The electromagnetic spectrum is the result of photons traveling at different wavelengths. • This energy is useful in many ways including the visible spectrum of light, microwaves, and radio waves. • Smaller wavelengths of the EMS can be dangerous since they can interfere with our cells and DNA. • Lenses and mirrors work by reflecting or refracting light. • Lasers are resonant light

  13. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Quantum Zoo

  14. The Structure of Matter • What’s Inside a Proton? • The Particle Zoo • Leptons • Quarks • Antimatter

  15. Standard Model • Up • Down • Charm • Strange • Bottom • Top

  16. Forces • Strong Force • Weak Force • Electromagnetic Force • Gravity (?)

  17. Particle or Wave? • Particle-Wave duality of nature • Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle • Double-slit experiment • Probability waves

  18. Higgs Particle (?) • Higg’s Ocean • Quantum Foam • Multiple dimensions

  19. Unified Theories • SuperSymmetry • M Theory • Loop Quantum Gravity • Cyclic Model

  20. Time • The Arrow of Time (?)

  21. Key Concepts • Quantum mechanics describes the behavior of subatomic particles • At the quantum level, mass and energy are the same • Behavior at the quantum level is “strange” but true • Once particles form atoms and molecules, however, they behave deterministically

  22. NS3310 – Physical Science Studies Electricity and Magnetism

  23. More Rough Science • It’s getting late and we need a flashlight  • Luckily, we have what we need from materials salvaged from the S.S. Minnow.

  24. Key Questions • What is electricity? • What is electric charge? • What is electric potential? • What is electric current? • What is resistance? • What is magnetism? • What is induction? • How is induction used in generators and transformers?

  25. Electric Charge • Measuring Electric Charge • Coulomb’s Law • Electric Potential (volts) • Electric Current (amps) • Resistance (ohms)

  26. Circuits • Simple Circuits • Parallel Circuits • Batteries

  27. AC / DC • Direct Current • Alternating Current

  28. Magnetism • Magnetic Poles • Magnetic Field • Induction

  29. Power • Generators • Power (watts) • Transformers • Transmission

  30. Key Concepts • An electron generates an electric charge. • Electrons always flow from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. • As electrons flow, their charge exerts a force on their surroundings. • The potential energy of this force depends on the amount of charge available. • Electric current is the rate of flow of electrons. • By overcoming resistance, electrons can do work. • Electricity can be converted to other forms of energy. • A magnetic field is generated by the disproportionate distribution of electrons in a substance. • A magnet can be used to induce the flow of electrons. • Flowing electrons can be used to induce a magnetic field. • Generators and transformers are technologies that utilize the principle of induction.

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