Physical Science Chapter One

1. Physical ScienceChapter One Scienceand Measurement

2. 1.1 Time and Distance

3. 1.1 Time and Distance Example – The Grand Canyon is 277 miles wide! • Distance - the length of space between two points.

4. Time – a useful measurement of changes in motion or events Example – The fastest mile ever run by a male took 3 minutes and 43 seconds. 1.1 Time and Distance

5. 1.1 Time and Distance Example – Michael Johnson ran the fastest 200m dash in 19.32 seconds • Second - a commonly used unit of time; 1/60 of a minute.

6. Metricsystem – measurement scale based on the power of 10 and used all over the world. Example – millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, etc 1.1 Time and Distance Types of Measurement

7. Englishsystem – measurement scale used in United States. Example -- inches, yards, miles, and pounds. 1.1 Time and Distance Types of Measurement

8. QUESTION #1 – Why do we have two different types of measurement? Because American scientists are stubborn!

9. OPTION #1 1000 mm 365.25 days .000002 Km 86400 sec 1,200,000 mm OPTION #2 1 m 1 year 2 mm 1 day 1.2 Km QUESTION #2 – Why do we convert UNITS? Because scientists are LAZY!

10. Reading a Metric Ruler

11. The metric system is based on a system of 10. Meter Stick = 1.0 meter 10 decimeters 100 centimeters 1.1 Time and Distance Converting Metrics

12. The main base units in the metric system are meters (m), grams (g), and liters (L). Meters measure distance. Grams measure mass. Liters measure volume. 1.1 Time and Distance Converting Metrics

13. A prefix goes before the word and changes it’s meaning. From largest to smallest, metric prefixes are listed as Kilo, Hecto, Deka, NONE (base unit), deci, centi, milli. Test vs. Pretest Which is larger, a Kilometer or Centimeter? Answer = Kilometer Which is smaller, a Decagram or a gram? Answer = gram 1.1 Time and Distance ConvertingMetricsCont…

14. Metric Prefix (abbreviation) Kilo (K) Hecto (H) Deka (D) Ones place (none) deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) How to remember the prefix. Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converted Metrics 1.1 Time and Distance Howdo I remember Metric Prefixes?

15. Going from large units to small units. 1.0 m = _____ cm? KHD I dcm Count the spaces to move. (2) Move the decimal in the correct direction! (right) 1.0 m = 100 cm. 1.1 Time and Distance MetricPrefixes Examples

16. Going from small units to large units. 35.0 mm = ____ Km? KHD I dcm Count the spaces to move. (6) Move the decimal in the correct direction. (left) 35 mm =.000035 Km. 1.1 Time and Distance ConvertingMetrics

17. The top ten things to know about making a reading graphs! • Title • Coordinates • Experimental Variable

18. 1.2 Investigations and Experiments

19. Experiment -A process used to solve a problem or test an idea about how things work. How do I fix my VCR? 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments

20. Scientificmethod - a process that is used to gather evidence that leads to understanding. Question Hypothesis Experiment Data Conclusion Start Over? 1.2 Investigations and Experiments The Scientific Method

22. Hypothesis - a prediction that can be tested by experimentation. Example – If I put new batteries in the remote, I think the VCR will work. 1.2 Investigations and Experiments The research question and hypothesis

23. Variables - factors that affect the results of an experiment Cause and effect – the relationship between an event that brings about a result and what happens due to the result. Example – Example – 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments

24. Controlled Experiment - when one variable is changed and all the others stay the same. Investigation 1.1 We controlled all variables except for the angle of the ramp. 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments

25. Experimental variable - a variable that is changed by the experimenter; it is also known as the independent variable. Investigation 1.1 The angle of the ramp 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments Cont..

26. Dependent Variable – the result that is changing due to the experimental variable. The speed will change due to the ramp angle. 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments Cont..

27. Control variable - variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment. Investigation 1.1 Weight Photogates Release of car Friction 1.2 Investigations and Experiments Designing Experiments Cont..

28. Control Groups– the “normal” groups used for comparison. Designing Experiments Cont..

30. 1.3 Speed

31. Average Speed – the amount of time it takes an object to travel a certain distance. Carlos Zambrano’s fastball travels at a speed of 99 mph!

32. CORVETTE ZO6Top speed – 317 mph Acceleration -- 0-60 mph in 3.7 seconds. Acceleration -- The rate of change of velocity.The amount of change in velocity over a period of time.

33. Example – a car using it’s brakes to stop for a red light. Deceleration -- The decrease in speed over time. When something slows down!

34. Example – Skydiving! Free Fall – an object that is moving freely towards Earth due to gravity.

35. How to Calculate Acceleration?

36. How is acceleration seen here?

37. Example – The slope of a mountain depends on how fast it rises! Slope – A measurement of a line on a graph, equal to vertical change divided by horizontal change. RISE OVER RUN!

38. Graphing Motion