1. QuickStart C# Learning to Program in C# Amy Roberge & John Linehan November 7, 2005

2. The C# Programming Language • Developed in 2000 • Created by Microsoft as part of their .NET platform to unite programming languages for web based usage • Microsoft chose the chief programmer of Delphi, Anders Hejlsberg, to lead the development of C# • Based on C++ and Java. More of an extension of existing languages than a new one. • The name C# is supposed to be a progression of C++ and the # contains four + symbols • .NET is proprietary. Mono is an open source project led by Novell to make a compatible set of .NET tools Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

3. Similarities Require a virtual machine Similar syntax Automatic garbage collection Object oriented Large class library C# over Java Allows “structs” Switch statements can be applied to strings (vs. characters or numbers) Support for output parameters, allowing multiple values to be returned C# vs. Java Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

4. C# Advantages • Only allows single inheritance, but can implement any number of interfaces • Provides a balance of C++, rapid development, Visual Basic, Delphi, and Java • Automatic garbage collection Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

5. C# Disadvantages • Requires the .NET Runtime Environment to run • More overhead • Doesn’t have true multiple inheritance • “Unsafe code” is required to manage memory directly and can be very complex and difficult to debug Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

6. C# Specification • Available from MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network): http://msdn.microsoft.com/vcsharp/programming/language/ Current as of 3/2005, C# 2.0 Explains: • Grammar • Structure • Generics • Types, values, variables, iterators • Type conversions and promotions • Classes, methods • Arrays, exceptions, execution, blocks, statements, expressions, declarations, interfaces, arguments Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

7. C# Grammar • Available on MSDN web sitehttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_c.asp • Example: Type:Identifier [TypeArguments]{ . Identifier [TypeArguments]} {[]}BasicType TypeArguments:< TypeArgument {, TypeArgument} > TypeArgument:Type ? [( extends | super ) Type] Identifier:IDENTIFIER BasicType:byte | short | char | int | long | float | double | boolean Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

8. Reserved Words Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

9. Step 1: Getting Started • Download & install .NET Framework SDK 1.1:http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=9b3a2ca6-3647-4070-9f41-a333c6b9181d&displaylang=en • Double-click on file to run installer • Follow all the defaults Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

10. Step 2: SharpDevelop • Opensource IDE • Download & install SharpDevelop from:http://www.icsha`rpcode.net/OpenSource/SD/Download/ • Run the installation and launch SharpDevelop Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

11. Step 3: Write a simple program • File->New->Combine • Select “C#” category and new Console Application template and click Create • Name project “Hello World” • SharpDevelop recognizes the Hello World name and automatically produces the code Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

12. Hello World using System; namespace Hello_World { class MainClass { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); } } } Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

13. Step 4: Run the program • Click Build • Select Build Combine • View the console at the bottom for progress • After the file is compiled, select Debug and then click Run. • Watch the command prompt window open and display the output Applied Computing Technology Laboratory

14. Learning more about C# • Visit the QuickStart Languages web sitehttp://actlab.csc.villanova.edu/quickstart • Visit C# Station http://www.csharp-station.com/ • Visit the Microsoft Developer Center http://msdn.microsoft.com/vcsharp/ • Find Helpful C# tools http://msdn.microsoft.com/vcsharp/programming/tools/ • Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp Applied Computing Technology Laboratory