Cellular Communication

1. Cellular Communication Why would it be important for cells to be able to communicate with other cells? (Hint: think about humans) Yeast – for reproduction Bacteria – coming together to form a quorum or a spore How you doin’? I’m a budding artist, do you wanna hang? Yea, you seem like a fungi! Nuthin’ main, let’s chill, you call your folk and I’ll call my people and we’ll hang! Yo’ home skillet, what’s crack-a-lackin’! This is off the heez! How would this assist the bacteria? I’m the biggest boss that they’ve seen thus far Go get those anitgens! Animals – to make sure that functions are being properly performed inside of the organism and that antigens are not taking over (Examples?) New baby yeast Why is this important for the yeast?

2. What is the difference between good communication and bad cell communication? Why is this bad communication? Statement is made up by someone Rumor starter Rumor listener tells everyone Reaction of the rumor’s target takes place

3. Good Communication Produce less insulin Produce less insulin Produce less insulin Produce less insulin Produce less insulin What must happen for good communication between cells to take place? What is the difference between good communication and bad communication?

4. How might local signalling be different from long distance signalling? What type of organic compound is this? How does its structure relate to its function? What are some barriers to communication that cells might face?

5. Getting Good Reception Ligands Signal molecules called ligands that change the shape of the α helix protein to attract the receptors to come together What is activating the system? Phosphorylating (adding a phosphate group) to the tyrosine on the tyrosine-kinase receptors What is the ATP doing? ATP is peeing on the toilet-kleenex receptor to activate other proteins What color is the ATP in this diagram?

6. Getting Good Reception 7 α helices How is the G-protein system similar to the tyrosine-kinase receptors? How is it different?

7. Getting Good Reception What type of transport is being shown here? Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Why is it important to have an ionic equilibrium with the cytosol and outside the cell? Different ligands allow different ions to enter and leave the cell

8. Signal Transduction Pathways What kind of molecule is a kinase? What would be an advantage to having kinases? Each protein kinase serves as a transducer to amplify the signal that is received What is the difference between an active protein kinase and an inactive protein kinase? Why are the protein kinases being phosphorylated?

9. Signal Transduction: Second Messengers Second messenger helps to carry the signal away from the membrane How is the signal being amplified? What kind of molecule is adenylyl cyclase? Why is this a good strategy? What reaction is it helping to speed up?

10. Signal Transduction: Cholera Vibrio cholerae get ingested by contaminated water Bacteria attach to small intestine membrane Bacteria releases toxin to keep G protein active How does this affect adenylyl cyclase and cAMP? cAMP causes the protein kinase to signal for salt release. What will happen to the person? Diarrhea

11. Signal Transduction: Ca2+ IP3 serves as a second messenger to regulate Ca2+ in cell organelles What kind of molecule is phospholipase C? What is the phospholipase doing? PIP2 to IP3

12. Cell Communication: Genes What will this mRNA be used for?