For Tomorrow
Explore the transformative effects of the Transcontinental Railroad and industrialization on the United States from 1860 to 1894. Understand the contributions of key figures like Carnegie and Rockefeller, the emergence of labor unions, and the economic and social challenges faced by workers. Analyze the intricate relationships between capital, labor, and government regulations, including the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the formation of the Populist Party. Engage in discussions about significant events like the Great Railroad Strike and the Haymarket Riot, and assess their long-lasting implications.
For Tomorrow
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Presentation Transcript
For Tomorrow • Feuchtless! • Bring Your Book! • 1.) Read for 546-554 for quiz Friday • Know Carnegie-Mother Jones • 2.) 1 5–7 sentence response to Varying Viewpoints Question 1 or 2
Transcontinental RR - Union Pacific RR & Central Pacific RR • gov. subsidies - • Irish - • Chinese – • meet in 1869 in Ogden, Utah Imp. : • 1- • 2- • 3-
RRs Flourish! • steel rails - • Cornelius Vanderbilt, NY Central - • standard gauge tracks - • Westinghouse air brake - • Pullman "Palace Cars“ - • Labor still dangerous (1888 = 20,000 inj.)
Impact of RR on US • National Economy - • Industrialization - • Mining and Agriculture - • Immigration - • Environment - • Time (1883) - • Wealth -
Dirty Tricks in RR Biz! • “stock watering” - • bribery - • The "pool“ - • “rebates” and “kickbacks” - • price gouging -
Early Efforts to regulate begins with the states in 1870s – • Wabash v. Illinois (1886) - Interstate Commerce Act (1887) – • 1 – outlawed _____ & ______ • 2 – must publish ___________ • 3 – created ICC – The First! – • but . . .
2nd Industrial Revolution • 1860: 4th1894: 1st WHY? • 1.) "liquid capital" – • 2.) natural resources - • 3.) cheap labor - • 4.) “American ingenuity” • Bell – ‘ 76 - • Sholes – ’67 - • Edison – ’79 - • Drake – ’59 -
Schedule • 554-562 for Monday • 623-630 for Tuesday • 630-638 for Wednesday • Chapter 25 & 28 Exam next THURSDAY
Tactics of the “Robber Barons” vertical integration - • Carnegie • steel horizontal integration - • John D. Rockefeller • oil • "trust" -
Carnegie, Morgan, & Steel Steel Boom: • Bessemer Process - • access to coal and iron ore • labor Andrew Carnegie - • Bought out by JP Morgan in 1900 - • Morgan forms US Steel in 1901
Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Co. • kerosene – • 1877 – 95% of all _________ • oil business killed by ________ then revived by _____________
His Tactics consolidate – • 1- • 2- ruthlessly price-out all competition • video stores? – • oligopoly - • monopoly -
How do we think about this insane wealth? • Social Darwinism – • The Gospel of Wealth – Horatio Alger – • myth or reality?
Constitutional safeguards for industry Wabash v. Illinois ruling – • Interstate Commerce Clause The 14th Amendment • interpret corporations as ‘persons“ – • protects -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act - 1890 • goal - • problem - • actually used to break-up ___________ . • but . . .
Schedule • 623-630 for Tuesday • 630-638 for Wednesday • Chapter 25 & 28 Exam THURSDAY
The Birth of Unions • Why? more _______ than ________ Goal = collective bargaining • solidarity – • power comes from - The First 2 Big Unions: • 1. • 2.
2 Types of Unions Craft Union – • Samuel Gompers & The AFL - Industrial Union – • Eugene V. Debs & The ARU - • strike – scab – Pinkertons- • socialism – IWW - • lockouts - yellow dog contracts– black lists– • company town -
end of the Jeffersonian ideal • a nation of wage-earners • slave to the clock • industrial virtues taught in school • women • The “Gibson Girl” ideal – • stenographers and "hello girls“ • the reality • oligarchy - • 1/10 of the people own 9/10 wealth
Capital v. Labor! • 1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of . . (522) - • 1886 – Haymarket Riot (558) - • 1892 – Homestead Steel Strike (626) - • 1894 – The Pullman Strike (631)-
With Your Partner . . . • What caused the ruckus . . . • What ensued as a result . . . • Who won? • CAPITAL or LABOR • Why did they win? (what turned the tide?)
“The Billion Dollar Congress” • ______ _________ elected in 1888 - • Republicans like high tariffs • McKinley Tariff Bill (1890) • surplus – • spend it on – • Populist Party ( ____________’s Party) • opposition party - • Represent _________ & ___ v. _________ & ___
The Populist Party Economic Demands • increased money supply (16:1 silver) • graduated income tax • gov. owned utilities • 8 hour work day • immigration restriction Political Demands • popular election of U.S. Senators • single term for President and VP • secret ballot
Election 1892 • Small gains for Populists • Cleveland (D) wins Prez. The Panic of 1893 • overbuilding and overspeculation • agricultural depression • European banks pull money - depletion of gold reserve • 1895 – Gov. bailed out by -
Reaction to the Panic of 1893 Coxey's Army - 1894 • "General" Jacob S. Coxey - • demands – • Result - Free Silver - • debtors likeee - • Coin's Financial School (1894) -- William Hope Harvey
“Silverites” vs. “Gold Bugs” in 1896 William McKinley • Mark Hanna - • Gold Standard - • business, banking • outspend Dems 16-1 William Jennings Bryan – • Cross of Gold Speech – • Wins him ___________ & _________
Election of 1896 • “Gold Bug”Democrats – • McKinley wins • NE & MW beats S & W - • begins a 16-year - • high tariffs • Gold Standard Act (1900) - • more new gold =
Constitutional safeguards for industry Wabash v. Illinois ruling – • Interstate Commerce Clause The 14th Amendment • interpret corporations as ‘persons“ – • protects -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act - 1890 • goal - • problem - • actually used to break-up ___________ . • but . . .
Tariffs • Republicans = R___________ • Democrats = D____________
