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FL #14 Immune System 10BC

This overview explores the structure of antibodies, their role in humoral immunity, and how they help fight infections. Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens on pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Upon pathogen invasion, B-cells are activated, leading to the proliferation of plasma cells that produce antibodies. The immune response includes attracting phagocytes that engulf and destroy antigens. Vaccination prepares the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens, ensuring a faster response to future infections.

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FL #14 Immune System 10BC

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  1. FL #14 Immune System 10BC

  2. Figure 40–8 Structure of an Antibody Section 40-2 Antigen-binding sites Antigen Antibody bacterium • The bacterium is an antigen

  3. An infectious disease is caused by • Pathogens • Bacteria, viruses, & fungi (germs).

  4. Antibodies-protein that helps destroy pathogens • Has 2 antigen binding sites • Pathogen invades body • Antigens on pathogen recognized by some B cells

  5. Specific Defenses • A. Humoral immunity- • Immunity against pathogens in the body fluids (blood & lymph) • 1-B cells (WBC) lymphocyte-produce antibodies

  6. Antigen/antibodies • 2- Activated B cells grow and divide rapidly (a million) • 3-Produce specialized B cells-plasma cells (T cells help with this also) • 4-Plasma cells-release antibodies into the blood to attack the pathogen causing infection

  7. A person who receives a vaccine for the flu-influenza • Is able to produce antibodies against the flu

  8. When a person receives a vaccine(shot) their body • create plasma cells (B cells) that can produce antibodies against a specific pathogen. (flu, polio, hepatitis)

  9. Function of Antibodies: • Attach to antigens and attract phagocytes which engulf (eat) the antigens

  10. phagocytes-engulf & destroy bacteria –most WBC are this type “phag”=eat, “cytes”=cell

  11. Inflammatory Response • Pathogens detected • Millions of WBC’s produced to fight infection • Blood test reveals increase in WBC’s-body is dealing w/ a serious infection • Immune system releases chemicals that increase core temperature

  12. FEVER- INCREASED body temp • Many pathogens survive in a narrow temp. range • Elevated temp:1) slows down or stops growth of pathogens • 2) increase heart rate, WBC’s get to infection quicker • 3)Speeds activities of WBC’s & rate of chemical reactions that repair damaged tissues

  13. 1. (10b) Humoral immunity is carried out by • Killer T Cells • Lymphocytes • Antibodies • macrophages

  14. 2. (10b) In the figure below the red bacterium represents a • Antigen or pathogen • Antibody • Killer T Cell • Antigen binding site E

  15. 3. (10b) Which of the following is the function of antibodies in the immune response? • Antibodies produce antibiotics. • Antibodies attach to antigens and attract phagocytes which engulf & destroy the antigen. • Antibodies produce interferon.

  16. 4. (10c) When a person receives a vaccine, his or her body creates a memory that • Receives antibodies against a specific pathogen • Creates plasma cells that can produce antibodies against that specific pathogen. • Has polio antibodies in the blood • Has antipolio killer T cells in blood

  17. 5. 10B Antibodies fight infections by A. Preventing Viruses from replicating B. Killing infected cells C. Helping leucocytes identify pathogens D. Growing green mold that stops bacterial growth

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