1. Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 6 Perception James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

2. Selective Attention

3. Perception • Selective Attention • focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

4. Cocktail Party Effect

5. Cocktail Party Effect • well-known example of selective attention which occurs when someone is concentrating on one particular conversation amidst a large amount of background noise

6. Testing Selective Attention Neisser (1979); Becklen and Cervone (1983)

7. Selective Attention--VisualStroop Effect • *Classic Stroop task (1935): slower to name color when word says a different color than to name the color of a colored square • *Why does this happen? • --reading is an automatic process • --color naming is a controlled process • --automatic process of reading interferes with our ability to selectively attend to ink color

8. For example, for the word, RED, you should say "Blue."

9. Volunteer to Run the Stroop Test Take the Stroop Test How did YOU do? MY Results: 1st Test: 12.147 seconds 2nd Test: 29.872 seconds That is more than double the time to read the “confusing “ words!!

10. Perceptual Illusions

11. Perceptual Illusions

12. Muller-Lyer Illusion Experiment ACTIVITY • Student volunteer needed to test your ability to click on the exact center of a horizontal line segment • Go to Muller-Lyer Illusion Experiment

14. Size Distance Relationship Explanation The more distant line (i.e. inside corner) is perceived as longer.

15. Hermann Grid Illusion

16. How Many Black Dots Can You Count?

17. Perceptual Illusions

18. Perceptual Illusions

19. Stare at the image below and slowly move your head toward and away from the screen.

20. Ripple Stare at the image for a while and you will begin to notice bumpy ridges appearing within the image.

21. Pinna-Brelstaff Illusion

24. Ebbinghaus Illusion

26. Visual Illusions--Attention Count the number of F's in the text below: FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE- SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIF- IC COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.

27. How many F's did you count? Three? WRONG ANSWER ! There are six F's in the text. Take a look: FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE- SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIF- IC COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.

28. Impossible Figures

29. What’s wrong with this picture?

32. Count the elephant’s legs

33. Impossible Dinosaur

34. Impossible Dog

35. Variation of Devil’s Fork

39. Relativity by Escher

41. Ambiguous Images

42. Slave Market With the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire

43. Artist: Canu (1815)

44. Which direction is the window facing?

45. Perceptual Organization: Form Perception Depth Perception

46. Perceptual Organization- Gestalt • Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses • Gestalt- an organized whole • tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

47. Perceptual Organization- Illusory Contours

49. Form Perception

50. Perceptual Organization- Gestalt • Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Grouping Principles • proximity- group nearby figures together • similarity- group figures that are similar • continuity- perceive continuous patterns • closure- fill in gaps • connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected