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OVERVIEW OF BIOMASS IN EUROPE

OVERVIEW OF BIOMASS IN EUROPE. Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy,DK-7760 Hurup Thy, Denmark 22.01.2011 Peter Mponzi( trainee) Msc in Chemical & Process Engineering Peter.mponzi@lut.fi. CONTENT. Main parts: Biogas Rapeseed Jatropha Gas upgrading. Introduction.

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OVERVIEW OF BIOMASS IN EUROPE

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  1. OVERVIEW OF BIOMASS IN EUROPE Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy,DK-7760 Hurup Thy, Denmark 22.01.2011 Peter Mponzi( trainee) Msc in Chemical & Process Engineering Peter.mponzi@lut.fi

  2. CONTENT • Main parts: • Biogas • Rapeseed • Jatropha • Gas upgrading

  3. Introduction • Rising price of fossil fuels and tightening emission targets are making different energy sector actors more eager to invest in renewable energy sources. • Before focusing on operations e.g for increasing the use of renewable energy sources, must be aware of the current status of energy supply. • Uses of biogas for heat, electricity, as well as for transportation is interest due to high quality of fuels produced.

  4. Background • Denmark has a long tradition uses of MSW since 1904 for heat and electricity • After energy price crisis in 1973 new policy was introduced • Increased independence of import energy resource • Diversification uses of energy sources • Creat stong effort for energy saving • After 2rd energy price crisis in 1979 • A strong taxation scheme on energy was introduced • Utilization of biomass replace fossil fuels

  5. Targets for GHG emission after 1990 • Reflect energy policy • Reduce 20% GHG before 2005 • CHP was suggested to be use • Utilities production • 15PJ/yr of straw • 2-3PJ/yr of wood • Total Energy demand was 830PJ/year in 1995 • 700PJ/year in 2030 Danish Energy Agency, 1996

  6. To fulfill Danish Energy Policy • Several incentive schemes for DEP • Increasing tax on fossil fuels • Grants was given to the Decentralized using RES • Grants was given changing the uses of fossil fuels • Funds for R&D Sorensen et al 1996

  7. Currently:Lemving Biogas Plant • Centralized plant developed in DK since 1980’s • About 19 plants • Operate capacity 50-500tons biomass per day • 80% manure mainly slurry • 20% MSW+food industries

  8. Flow diagram of Lemving Biogas Plant • Plant built by 70 farm since 1980’s up to now • Used mainly animal manure +organic waste

  9. Number of Biogas Centralised -DK T. Seadi., "Danish centralized biogas plants–plant descriptions,“2000

  10. Average profit for Centralized Biogas Plants-DK from 1990’s R. P. J. M. Raven and K. H. Gregersen, "Biogas plants in Denmark:2007

  11. Energy Crops produced in DK • Biogas fuel produced from variety of crops e,g corn, soya bean ect • But due to the polical limitation how much can be produced both in DK and in the World? The Interaction between food, animal feed and bioenergy, April 2008

  12. New Energy Agreements in 2008 for DK • Implies that biogas production can become more cost effective Source: Danish Energy Agency, 2009

  13. Member state of EU countries p roducing Biogas • According to EU targets • 20% GHG reduce in 2020 • 10% Biofuels increase in 2020 • UK and German are largest producer of biogas • Follow by Spain,France,Italy, Netherland and Sweden. Source: Eurostat data for 2003

  14. Germany Biogas • German is the leader for AD • More than 1,7million tons of installed capacity is expected by the end of 2010 • 720 service station for biogas as transportion fuels Johann Heinrish Von Thunen- Institute (VTI)

  15. Swedish Biogas • After Energy Crisis in 1970’s • RES produced from CH4 gas • Swedish biogas produce 50PJ, equivalent to 0,3% of fuel used in a car • 100 station service biogas fuel • 10% of bogas is upgrade and used as vehicle fuels e,g buses, trucks and passenger cars M. Lantz, "The prospects for an expansion of biogas systems in Sweden-Incentives, barriers and potentials,2007

  16. Biogas as transportation fuel in Sweden 2010 E.ON Sverige AB and Swedish report 2008 pdf

  17. Biogas in Finland • MSW landfills decrease from 1990 -2003 • Landfillgas recovered from 28 landfills • Electricity produce 9,8GWh • Utilities gas 30,4milij m3 • Heat produced 95,2GWh • Total amount recovered 88,7milij m3 Paulina Uusi-Pentilä, Jyväskylän Teknologiakeskus Oy

  18. Biogas production at Landfills :FNL http://www.biokaasuyhdistys.net/

  19. Largest Biogas Producer in 2005-FNL http://www.biokaasuyhdistys.net/

  20. Biogas as transportation fuels in Finland • Plant build 1998 • Capacity • 2000tons/yr • Food Industry waste 60tons/yrs • Farm scale upgrading plant, first biogas for fuels transportation since 2002 A. Lampinen, "Biogas farming: An energy self-sufficient farm in Finland,2004

  21. Evolution of biogas plants installed Capacity in European countries • By end of 2010,biogas plants will cost 6mil tons/year over 200 plants in 17 European Contries. L. De Baere and B. Mattheeuws, 2010

  22. Rape seed oil for Biodiesel • Rapeseed are Interested due to GHG emission, specially in EU countries produced biodiesel from rape seeds ( DME) • Most commonly method is transesterification • Although, there is limitations how to produce biodiesel from crops J. Baka "Food or fuel”? Energy Policy, 2009 F. Ma and M. A. Hanna, "Biodiesel production: a review, 1999

  23. Decentralized Rape seed oil mill process at Hurup Thy.DK

  24. Material flow of Rape seed oil • 100% of dimethyl ester • Oil content 44% • Cleaning oil 32-36% • Oil with cake 12-8% • Solids 0,3-1,4% • Press cake 67,7-62,6%

  25. Simple installation systems to cut cost off ( rape seed oil) • Old Toyota, engine converted to run on plant oil ( rape seed oil)

  26. Maximum & Minimum fuel consumption • A single cylinder engine can use various types of vegetable oil without any impact A. S. Ramadhas, "Use of vegetable oils as I.C. engine fuels—A review," Renewable Energy, vol. 29, pp. 727-742, 4. 2004

  27. 2rd Gen Biodiesel Crop:Jatropha Curcas • Grown in tropical and subtropical e.g in Africa, Asia and South America • Seed contain 34% of oil which can be used as fuel • Same priciple application as rapeseeds oil for biodiesel production http://biodieselprocessor.org/Biodiesel_From_Jathropa.htm

  28. Gas Cleaning • Make sure that all contaminants components are remove e,g H2O, H2S and NH3 • Can be done e,g in the boilers, CHP engines, vehicle and distribution in the natural gas grid

  29. Gas upgranding • Biogas has to be upgraded to natural gas quality inorder to be used in normal vehicle as a fuels • Common method to be use is water scrubber and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PAS) technology

  30. Total Number of Upgrading Plant in EU countries from 1987 t0 2009 IEA Bioenergy Task 37-Energy from biogas and Landfill gas

  31. Thank you for your attention

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