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Why focus on EBM?. Considerable interest amongst librarians in EBMUS move to embrace Comparative Effectiveness Research (Auston 2010)Systematic reviews key component of EBMClinical trials (esp. RCTs) key component of systematic reviews. Why me?. Elsevier wanted user view
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1. Cochrane and Embase:evidence-based medicine update Carol Lefebvre
Senior Information Specialist
UK Cochrane Centre
Elsevier Sunrise Seminar
Sunday 23 May 2010
MLA, Washington DC
2. Why focus on EBM? Considerable interest amongst librarians in EBM
US move to embrace Comparative Effectiveness Research (Auston 2010)
Systematic reviews key component of EBM
Clinical trials (esp. RCTs) key component of systematic reviews
3. Why me? Elsevier wanted user view not sales pitch
Long-standing interest in Embase
Long-standing agenda between Cochrane and Elsevier
Independent voice
(Lack of) competing interests
no editorial control / no incentives
My views not (necessarily) those of The Cochrane Collaboration or the UKCC
- not Elseviers views!
4. Relevance of Embase to searching in the EBM context The (inevitable!) comparisons with MEDLINE
c. 2,000 journals in Embase not indexed in MEDLINE
Focus on indexing especially drugs
EMTREE twice as large as MeSH
Length of abstracts (?)
Indexing of articles in press (since 2008)
Not just inclusion of in-process records
Indexing of conference abstracts (since 2009)
5. Relevance of Embase to searching in the EBM context UKCC project to identify RCTs in EMBASE since 1997(Lefebvre 2008)
c. 100,000 RCTs identified by handsearching c. 400,000 Embase records published 1980 to date (some 1974 to date)
All records now searchable (free-text only) in CENTRAL
6. Relevance of Embase to searching in the EBM context The contribution of Embase records to CENTRAL RCTs in Embase published in 2005 language analysis
MEDLINE+/Embase Embase unique
Chinese 257 320
Dutch 3 13
Italian 11 15
Persian (Farsi) 0 6
Turkish 12 50
7. Relevance of Embase to searching in the EBM context The contribution of Embase records to CENTRAL (Lefebvre 2008) - key messages:
EMBASE is a rich source of reports of randomized trials that are either not included in MEDLINE or not indexed as trials in MEDLINE, especially reports in some languages other than English.
In addition to searching CENTRAL, people looking for reports of randomized trials should search EMBASE, as well as MEDLINE, for reports published in recent years that have not yet been considered for inclusion in CENTRAL.
8. Cochrane and Embase historical overview Oct 1992 - UKCC founded
Nov 1992 - appointed as Information Specialist
Dec 1992 - targeted Elsevier at ONLINE
Jan 1993 - Elsevier attended mtg at UKCC
no indexing term for RCTs in EMTREE
Sept 1993 - Randomized Controlled Trial added to EMTREE (for both topic and study types)
Early 1994 - Elsevier undertook to index clinical trials even more consistently in future (Profile 1994)
9. Cochrane and Embase historical overview Mid 1996 - Elsevier introduced new database platform
Dec 1996 - Elsevier requested further mtg
- permission granted to re-publish RCTs from Embase in CENTRAL
1997 - UKCC commenced searches of EMBASE for RCTs
Oct 1997 - first reports of Embase RCTs published in CENTRAL for the Cochrane Colloquium in Amsterdam
10. Cochrane and Embase historical overview 2004 - Systematic Review added to EMTREE (for both topic and study types)
NLM had declined our request to add Systematic Review to MeSH in 2002
unable to give indexers a consistent set of principles for distinguishing a systematic review from an academic review
(personal correspondence with Stuart Nelson, Head of MeSH, NLM)
11. Cochrane and Embase historical overview 2007 Elsevier launch Embase Classic
backfiles for 1947-1973
3,00 journals
1.8 million records
Abstracts for 90% of records
Indexed with current EMTREE
12. Cochrane and Embase historical overview 2008 Elsevier start indexing conference abstracts in Embase
Currently 115,000 conf abs in Embase
Full-text of each abstract is searchable
All indexed (automatically) using EMTREE
Plan to add c. 100,000 new conf abs yearly
From c. 3,000 journals / From c. 300 conferences
In all drug and clinical topics from Embase
Records will be added to other platforms
13. Cochrane and Embase historical overview 2008 Elsevier start indexing conference abstracts in Embase (cont.)
Each conf summarized by searchable review record
Conf name, date and location all searchable
Identifiable under the publication type Conference Abstract
14. Cochrane and Embase historical overview 2009 - Elsevier start indexing articles in press in Embase
Not just adding records in progress
All articles indexed with EMTREE
200? - Elsevier offer Wiley access to EMTREE
for CENTRAL
200? - Wiley decline EMTREE due to proposed
changes in the development of CENTRAL!
15. Cochrane and Embase historical overview Dec 2009 Meeting with Michael Rai, VP Pharma Development Group, Elsevier
make me a business case for splitting topic terms from study type terms
Early 2010 invited to give this presentation
During 2010 various teleconferences and phone mtgs with Elsevier staff
16. Cochrane and Embase where are we now? Changes in indexing - agreed
From Jan 2011 (with new EMTREE) topic terms will be differentiated from study type terms (in line with current MeSH)
For 8 clinical trial terms (incl RCT)
For Meta-analysis and for Systematic Review
Exact formulation still under discussion
17. Cochrane and Embase where are we now? Changes in indexing - agreed
Meta-analyses will not automatically be indexed as systematic reviews
Meta-analysis will not be limited to clinical trials
Topic terms such as RCT as topic will be indexed whether major or minor importance
Clinical trial will also be used for animal studies, where appropriate
Human scope to be extended from biological studies
18. Cochrane and Embase Wish-list / Pipeline / Under Discussion Wish-list / Pipeline
Retractions, errata etc to be indexed as Retracted Publication in line with MeSH
RCTs identified by the UKCC to be re-indexed in Embase (for all vendors) like MEDLINE
19. Cochrane and Embase Wish-list / Pipeline / Under Discussion Under discussion;
Definitions and scope notes in all vendors?
Entry weeks only searchable in Ovid for rolling 2 years but fully searchable on Elseviers platform
20. Cochrane and Embase the future? Future relationship between Cochrane and Elsevier
Future for Embase w.r.t EBM
Future for Embase in other areas
21. References Auston I. NLM resources for informing Comparative Effectiveness Research. NLM Technical Bulletin. 2010 Mar-Apr;(373):e17
Lefebvre C, Eisinga A, McDonald S, Paul N. Enhancing access to reports of clinical trials published world-wide the contribution of EMBASE records to the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2008;5:13.
http://www.ete-online.com/content/5/1/13
PROFILE: Excerpta Medica Newsletter 1994, 11:2
22. END Questions?
Elsevier booth #209