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Indus Valley Civilization 12.1

Indus Valley Civilization 12.1. The Indian Subcontinent. South Asia – triangle jutting out into Indian ocean India being the larges country known as the Indian subcontinent Indus River was basis of India’s first civilization

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Indus Valley Civilization 12.1

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  1. Indus Valley Civilization 12.1

  2. The Indian Subcontinent • South Asia – triangle jutting out into Indian ocean • India being the larges country known as the Indian subcontinent • Indus River was basis of India’s first civilization • The Ganges River, in the northern India floods, created a huge, fertile plain good for farming • Tropical Climate with monsoons • Winter – dry winds from land to ocean • Summer – wet winds from ocean blow onto the land • Crops depend on summer monsoon – if they bring rain crops will do well, if not people will go hungry

  3. An Advanced Civilization • 7000 BC farmers began growing crops • After 3000 BC cities began develop on the broad plains • 2500-1700 BC cities were the centers of advanced Indus Valley civilization • Indus Valley people had advanced knowledge of Mathematics • Helped create cities with thick walls, sewer system, and streets arranged in grid pattern • It had an agriculture economy • Farmers grew wheat, barley, and cotton and raised sheep, cattle, chickens, and goats • Domesticated animals for transportation • Trade was also bases for their economy • Jewelry, cotton, cloth, and teak (wood) were exports • Accurate weights and measures, and stone seals helped to advance trade

  4. India’s Vedic Age 12.2

  5. The origins of the Indo-Aryans • Aryans were nomadic warriors who invaded and defeated the local people • Original inhabitants of India • As nomadic herders who entered and spread across India over a long period of time • They brought a new religion with them and expressed their beliefs through holy hymns and scriptures known as Vedas

  6. The Vedas • Passed down by mouth • Eventually Written in language called Sanskrit • More than a 1,000 sacred hymn • Talk about the gods and goddess – each represent natural forces like sky, sun, and fire

  7. Aryan Life • Cattle important because they could offer Gods butter and milk • Cattle provided both food and clothing • Wealth measured by size cattle herds • Loved dancing , music, chariot races, gambling, and skilled warriors

  8. The Caste System • Brahmins – priests • Kshatriyans – rulers and warriors • Vaishyas – landowners, bankers, merchants • Sudras – farmers, laborers, servants, • Dalits/ untouchables - people who performed dirty jobs • Based on birth rank – what caste your family was in and your occupation/job was based on your rank • Couldn’t be a doctor and be an untouchable (Dalits) • In the Beginning, one could not move from their caste

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