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Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, c. 1750 to c. 1900

Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, c. 1750 to c. 1900. Industrial Revolution . 1700 ’ s First inventions (steam engine, textiles) Movement of people to cities Small scale machines; more goods made with machines 1800 ’ s Industrialization spreads to US Factories

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Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration, c. 1750 to c. 1900

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  1. Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration,c. 1750 to c. 1900

  2. Industrial Revolution • 1700’s • First inventions (steam engine, textiles) • Movement of people to cities • Small scale machines; more goods made with machines • 1800’s • Industrialization spreads to US • Factories • Rapid urbanization; population growth • Rise of slavery • Growth of middle class • Developments in transportation and communication • Organization of workers

  3. 1900’s • Reform movements • Decline of child labor • Limits on big business • Industrialization spreads to Japan, Russia

  4. I. Factors leading to the rise of Industrialism • Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean • The geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber • European demographic changes • Urbanization • Improved agricultural productivity • Legal protection of private property • An abundance of rivers and canals • Access to foreign resources • The accumulation of capital

  5. II. Industrialization • Developments • Machines • Use of coal and oil as fuel • Factory system • Expansion of financial systems • Major developments in transportation and communication • Railroads • Steamships • Telegraphs • Canals

  6. III. Long Term Industrialization • Capitalism • Formation of labor unions • Reform movements • Spread to other areas in the world • Changes in society • Demographic changes • Family changes

  7. Political Revolutions • American Revolution • Mid-1700’s British colonies were economically prosperous • A series of wars and taxes caused boycotts and protests in the colonies • “No taxation without representation”- influenced by Enlightenment ideas • 1776 Declaration of Independence • Author Thomas Jefferson • Influenced by John Locke • Consent of the governed and individual freedom

  8. Effects • Introduced modern democracy • US Constitution • US Bill of Rights • Declaration of Independence • Encouraged other revolutions • French • Haiti • Latin America • Vietnam

  9. B. French Revolution • Inspired by the American Revolution • More radical in scope, and ideals • Goal: Replace “old order” and absolute monarch with new cultural, social and political structures • Immediate causes: Financial crisis, inequalities between social classes (estates)

  10. Events • Many “paper victories” • Declaration of the Rights of Man (equality of all men) • Abolished privileges of 1st and 2nd estates • Limited constitutional monarchy • Reign of Terror-use of Guillotine to kill traitors, royal family

  11. Reign of Napoleon • Brought war to Europe • Effects of Napoleon • Unseated monarchs in Spain and Portugal • Led to uprisings in their Latin American colonies • Congress of Vienna/Concert of Europe • Alliance of European monarchs • Kept peace for 100 years • United front against uprisings inspired by Enlightenment

  12. Changes-1750’s-1800’s • Social and economic • Creation of a middle class • Education • Feminist movements • Capitalism • Alternatives to capitalism-Karl Marx and socialism • Growth of cities • Political • Creation of US • US Constitution • Upheavals in Europe • Unifications of Germany and Italy

  13. Key Concept 5.2Imperialism and nation state formation • Imperialism • Quest for overseas empires • Partially a result of the Industrial Revolution • Improvements in transportation and use of machines caused increased demands for raw materials • Reasons • Economic benefits • Show of power and wealth • Gaining raw materials (rubber, cotton, tin) to be sent back to factories

  14. Colonialism • Sending colonists to new lands • Dominating the social, political, economic and social structure • North and South America: settler colonies established by Europe • Economic Colonies: India and southeast Asia (much smaller amounts of colonists) Instead, businessmen and government officials developed polices to benefit the mother country

  15. Creation of transoceanic empires and colonies • British Empire • Britain in India • Belgium in Congo • British Empire Africa, Australia • South America

  16. Societies at Crossroads A. Ottoman Empire • Territory declined in the 17th and 18th centuries • Nationalist movements in Greece and Serbia (1840) • Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt after reign of Napoleon (began process of Industrialization, cotton as an export) • Increase in European trade in the Mediterranean world caused Ottoman trade to decline • 1882- Grew dependent on European loans • 1900 Difficulty controlling government; forced to decrease wages for government officials while raising taxes on the peasants • Reforms: • Mahmud II • Tanzimat Reforms • Sultan Hamid II • Young Turks

  17. B. Qing China

  18. C. Russia • Russian tsars ruled as autocrats (absolute monarchs); supported by the church and nobility (who were exempt from taxes and military service) • Peasants were the bulk of the population-most were serfs • 1861 Alexander II: abolished serfdom. Serfs were given no political rights and were taxed on the land • Economic reform to modernize military • Attempts at industrialization brought factories but poor working conditions

  19. 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution and Reform • Growing Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements • Boxer Rebellion • Taiping Rebellion • Self-Strengthing Movement

  20. Nationalism, Revolution and Reform • Colonial Resistance to Imperialism • Taiping Rebellion • Ghost Dance • Xhosa Cattle Kiling

  21. Revolution and Reform • Revolution in Haiti • 1790; slave plantation • Latin American Independence Movements • Simon Bolivar • Defeated Spanish forces in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador then Peru

  22. Global Migration 1750-1900 • Middle of 18th Century, population of Europe increased dramatically • End of epidemic diseases • Improved diets • Decline in infant mortality • Higher birth rate • Migration pattern- West • Migration from country to city (industrialism) • Middle class away from city to emerging suburbs

  23. Non-Western World • Latin American population doubled in the 19th century • Japan-improvements in nutrition and medical care • China, Japan and Latin America-strain on natural resources • Environmental concerns: pollution, industrial waste

  24. Patterns of migration and immigration • Settler colonies- brought Europeans and indigenous peoples in America’s, Africa, Pacific, SE Asia • Maoris of New Zealand and native Hawaiians lost over half of their population to diseases • Decrease in population led to a need for workers, caused migration from China and Japan to Hawaii

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