Climate Change
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Presentation Transcript
Climate Change Planning for Mitigation Shahid Lutfi
Climate Change Multidimensional Issue • It is not the case of dealing with a single toxic agent where we can put our finger with certainty on an exposure and the response • Climate change affects everything • Therefore, requires multi-sectoral response
Changing Perception • In Past: Hypothetically discussed • A threat in the distant future • At Present: Regarded as clear, observable fact • Future demand: • We must think of the many ways global warming will affect us, our resources, our economic prospects • We must adaptand mitigate accordingly
Adaptation • Refers to actions intended to safeguard: • Person • Community • Business, or • Country against the effects of climate change
Mitigation • Refers to any measure that will reduce Greenhouse Gases Emissions
Solving problem from both ends • Mitigation addresses the front end • By cutting emissions it aims at slow raising temperature • Adaptation addresses the back end • Trying to live with the changes in the environment and economy (that global warming has generated and will continue to generate)
Solution: Adaptation and Mitigation • Is now inevitable • By plan or by chaos ?
Way Ahead • Solving problem from both ends • Even if we mitigate GHGs emissions 100% today --- temperature will keep rising and all the impacts will keep changing for next 25 years
Bottom Line ---- Every Action on Extreme • Depending on where you are, this is going to be a • Hotter • Wetter, • Drier, • Windier, • Hungrier century than mankind has seen in a while In some places, it may be deadlier, too
Our Climate • Pakistan contributes very little to the overall GHG emissions, but remains severely impacted by the negative effects of climate change • Being a predominantly agriculture economy and vulnerable to extremity of climate, it has a great challenge of protecting itself from the adverse impacts of climate change
Our Strategy • Mitigation • Adaptation • Advocacy In priority impact areas
Areas of interventions • Energy • Transportation • Agriculture • Water resources and irrigation system • Health • Forest • Urban planning
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies Energy Sector • Single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions • Also have the greatest potential for development of mitigation options
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Renewable Energy Sources • Pakistan has vast potential for renewable energy development (hydropower, wind and solar energy) • GoP attaches high importance to development of renewable energy resources and has recently constituted a high-powered alternate energy board to advise the government on cleaner forms of energy • ENERCON, an attached department of the Ministry of Environment is specifically mandated to promote energy conservation and efficiency
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Power Generation • Coal gasification • Combine cycle • Efficient Tube-wells
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Industrial Energy Efficiency • Process change • Technology changes • EE Motors, energy intensive industries (steel, cement) • Efficient boilers • District heating and cooling systems • Industrial Parks • Common utilities
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Appliances (Standards and Labels) • Lighting • Compact Florescent Lightbulbs (energy savers) • High cost (x3 to x5), Long life, Energy consumption 25% • 7 watt CFL ~40 watt: 26 watt CFL ~ 100 watt • Light Emitting Diodes (LED) • Replacement of High Pressure Sodium Bulb • Consume 40% less electricity • Used in parking areas, traffic lights, high rise illumination
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Appliances (Standards and Labels) • Refrigerators, Air Conditioning etc. • Solar water heaters (geysers) • Solar stoves • Environmental friendly products • Cleaner production • Safe disposal • Recyclable
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Efficient Transportation • Fuel Efficient Fleet • Promoting sustainable urban mobility • Modal shifts (BRT, LRT, etc.), Traffic demand management, Non-motorized transport (bicycle paths, etc.), • Improved urban planning • Reduction/elimination of bottlenecks • Reduction in travel time
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Buildings • Building codes (new buildings) • Natural ventilation and heating • Environmental friendly building material
BedZed: Renovation Project • Former Sewage Works Site • 82 new homes: 1, 2, 3, 4 bed-houses • Commercial space • Medical center • Nursery • Sports center
BedZed: Renovation Project • Solar energy usage • Super-insulation • Water conservation • Safe building materials
BedZed: Renovation Project • Roof gardens • Wind driven ventilation system • Heat recovery from ventilation system • Natural light usage
MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Environment Friendly Planning • Improve architecture planning • Resource conservation • Reduce emissions
MitigationMarket Transformation and Barrier Removal • Mitigation approach evolved recently • From supporting technology demonstration projects • To promoting market development for low-GHG emission technologies • Barrier Removal in order to achieve market transformation • Barriers relate to 5 market characteristics: • Policy • Finance • Business skills • Information • Technology
ARCOLOGYFusion of Architecture and Ecology • Highly integrated 3-dimensional urban center • Maximum land utilization • Maximum Energy utilization
International Framework • The Kyoto Protocol proposes to set up framework for • JOINT IMPLEMENTATION of projects aimed at reduction of GHGs, • CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM • EMISSIONS TRADING • As a party to Kyoto Protocol, Pakistan is in a better position to have access to all three mechanisms • Especially CDM leading to increased flow of foreign investment in projects
