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chemical equilibrium!

chemical equilibrium!. First, a metaphor:. Two floors of a store are connected by up and down escalators. Floor 1 has 7 people, floor 2 has 12 people. There are always 2 people occupying each escalator. Floor 2: 7 people. Floor 1: 12 people. Floor 2: 7 people. 2 people

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chemical equilibrium!

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  1. chemical equilibrium!

  2. First, a metaphor: Two floors of a store are connected by up and down escalators Floor 1 has 7 people, floor 2 has 12 people. There are always 2 people occupying each escalator

  3. Floor 2: 7 people Floor 1: 12 people

  4. Floor 2: 7 people 2 people on the up escalator Floor 1: 12 people 2 people on down escalator

  5. Floor 2: 7 people 2 people on the up escalator Floor 1: 12 people 2 people on down escalator Question 1: if there are always two people on each escalator at any one moment, will the amount of people on each floor ever change?

  6. Floor 2: 7 people 2 people on the up escalator Floor 1: 12 people 2 people on down escalator Question 2: if there are always two people on each escalator at any one moment, will the specific people occupying each floor ever change?

  7. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 The double arrow tells us that this reaction can go in both directions:

  8. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 1) Reactants react to become products, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘forward’ reaction)

  9. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 1) Reactants react to become products, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘forward’ reaction) while simultaneously, 2) Products react to become reactants N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘reverse’ reaction)

  10. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 In a closed system, where no reactants, products, or energy can be added to or removed from the reaction, a reversible reaction will reach equilibrium.

  11. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 At equilibrium, the rateof the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, and so, like our escalator metaphor, the two sides, reactants and products, will have constant amounts, even though the reactions continue to occur.

  12. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 However (like the metaphor), the equilibrium amounts of reactants and products are usually not equal, they just remain unchanged.

  13. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

  14. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

  15. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

  16. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

  17. reverse forward

  18. reverse forward

  19. reverse forward

  20. reverse forward

  21. reverse forward

  22. reverse forward

  23. reverse forward

  24. reverse forward

  25. reverse forward

  26. reverse forward

  27. reverse forward etc! the reactions go on continuously in both directions.

  28. Changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products can be graphed; the graph indicates when equilibrium has been reached. concentration time

  29. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, and NH3 = 0 M concentration time

  30. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  31. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  32. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  33. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  34. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  35. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  36. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  37. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  38. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  39. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  40. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

  41. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

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