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Weathering and Soil

Weathering and Soil. Types of Weathering. Mechanical Weathering: the breaking down of a rock, the rock’s mineral composition does not change. Unloading and Exfoliation- rock breaks off in sheets of layer Abrasion- the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water, wind or ice.

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Weathering and Soil

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  1. Weathering and Soil

  2. Types of Weathering Mechanical Weathering: the breaking down of a rock, the rock’s mineral composition does not change. Unloading and Exfoliation- rock breaks off in sheets of layer Abrasion- the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water, wind or ice. Frost Wedging- The process of water freezing and expanding in the cracks of rocks, making the cracks larger Biological Activity-activities by organisms like animals, plants and humans that cause weathering. (ie burrowing) Chemical Weathering: a rock being changed into 1 or more new compounds Oxidation- turns the rock into a rusty color Acid Rain- Acid in the rain breaks down the rock Biological Activity – acids from plants weather rocks Dissolution- when the rock dissolves in a solvent Carbonic Acid- deterioration of rock causing it to change color or texture Spheroidal Weathering- water breaks down minerals into a spherical shape.

  3. Soil - Weathered rocks that form the top layer of Earth’s surface. There are 3 types- pedalfer, pedocal, and laterite. Pedalfer Soil Pedocal

  4. Soil Composition

  5. Soil Profile Horizon A (Topsoil)- Loose and partly decayed organic matter Horizon B (Subsoil)- Clay transported from C horizon Horizon C- Partially weathered plant material Unweathered Plant Material

  6. Soil and Climate

  7. Temperate Climates • Pedalfer is formed in temperate climates. Pedalfer is found in the Eastern US, mostly in forests. • Pedalfer is rich in iron, has lots of aluminum rich clays and is brown to red-brown in color.

  8. Desert Climates • Pedocal is found in dry climates. It can be found in the Western US. • Pedocal is rich in calcite, and calcium carbonate. • Light grey-brown

  9. Humid Tropical Climates • Laterite soil is formed in humid, hot climates in the tropics. Found in places like Cambodia and Southeast Asia. • Laterite has lots of iron and aluminum

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