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The Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1890s-1947)

The Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1890s-1947). By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. The Dreyfus Case, 1894. Capt. Alfred Dreyfus. Emile Zola. Zionism. GOALS : The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine.

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The Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1890s-1947)

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  1. The Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1890s-1947) By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. The Dreyfus Case, 1894 Capt. Alfred Dreyfus Emile Zola

  3. Zionism • GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish peoplein its ancestralhomeland ofPalestine. • Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl1860-1904

  4. First Zionist Conference, 1897 • Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, orThe Jewish State in 1896. • Met in Basel, Switzerland. • Creates the First Zionist Congress. • Becomes an international Jewishorganization. • “Next Year in Jerusalem!”

  5. The Ottoman Empire in WW1

  6. The Middle East in 1914

  7. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of anational home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine… Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary

  8. The League of Nations Mandates

  9. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge! • Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan. • Prince Abdullah  “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinctgeographic regions]. • The House of Saud  put on the throne of thenewly-created Saudi Arabia. • The Pahlavi Family  put on the throne of a new Iran. • Mustafa Kemal  leads a military/nationalistmovement in Turkey.

  10. Treaty of Lausanne, 1923 Modern Turkey Is Born.

  11. Mustafa Kemal “Atatürk”(1881-1938)

  12. Ataturk’s Reform Program • Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara. • Secularism  Qur’an in Turkish translation. • Adoption of a republican constitution and aSwiss civil code. • Westernization & nationalism: • Compulsory, secular education. • Banning the fez. • Western [Roman] script. • Western clothing. • Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote.

  13. Palestine Was Part of the Ottoman Empire

  14. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 • In 1920, there was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine. • By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

  15. British Mandate in PalestineCreatedJuly, 1922

  16. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System • First one founded in 1908. • Communal living. • “Make the DesertBloom!”

  17. 1929 Arab Riots IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]

  18. Palestine Arab Revolt: 1936-1939 Their Goals: • An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. • An end to the transferof lands to Jewish owners. • A new “generalrepresentative government.” The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

  19. Hitler’s“FinalSolution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

  20. Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

  21. The Nazi Holocaust • 6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

  22. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

  23. Aliyah Bet • Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. • The Exodus, 1947.

  24. Palestine Population in 1946

  25. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

  26. Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann,1st President David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister

  27. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

  28. Arab Refugees, 1948 The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

  29. Armistice Signed, 1949

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