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PHONETICS

PHONETICS. An Introduction to Linguistics. How to ‘write down’ sounds. A transcription system should be consistent and unambiguous. Is English a good transcription system?. What do we use to transcribe the sounds?. IPA International Phonetic Alphabet. An anatomy of articulation.

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PHONETICS

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  1. PHONETICS An Introduction to Linguistics

  2. How to ‘write down’ sounds A transcription system should be consistent and unambiguous.

  3. Is English a good transcription system?

  4. What do we use to transcribe the sounds? • IPA • International Phonetic Alphabet

  5. An anatomy of articulation

  6. CONSONANTS

  7. How to describe consonants

  8. PLACE OF ARTICULATION

  9. labials/bilabials

  10. dentals/interdentals

  11. labiodentals

  12. alveolars

  13. palatals

  14. velars

  15. glottals

  16. Summary: place of articulation

  17. MANNER OF ARTICULATION

  18. Manner of articulation 1

  19. Manner of articulation 2

  20. Manner of articulation (1)

  21. Web Resources • Phonetic flash • http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/flash/flashin.htm

  22. VOICING

  23. How to describe a sound

  24. Exercise 1 • [p]=voiceless bilabial stop • [v]= • [g]= • [z]= • [ʤ]= • [ŋ]=

  25. Exercise 2 • Voiceless interdental fricative= [ ] • Voiced palatal affricate= [ ] • Voiceless alveolar stop= [ ] • Voiceless labiodental fricative = [ ] • Bilabial nasal=[ ] • Voiceless palatal fricative= [ ] • Voiced velar stop= [ ]

  26. VOWELS

  27. How to describe vowels: criteria • Height of tongue • High, mid, low • The part of the tongue is involved • Front, central, back • Position of lips • Rounded, non-rounded • Tense vs. lax

  28. Vowel Chart

  29. How to describe a vowel • [vowel]= • Tense/lax + (Rounded) + High/mid/low + front/back • [æ]= low front vowel • [o]= tense rounded mid back vowel

  30. Suprasegmental features

  31. Length • The contrast of meaning due to length difference • Inherent differences • High vowels are shorter than low vowels • [i] < [æ] • Influenced by the sounds around. • Bead > beat

  32. Intonation • The pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech • Two intonational patterns • Pitch accents • Edge tones

  33. Pitch accents: The word with particularly higher or lower pitch.

  34. Edge tones: Occurs at the end of the phrase

  35. Tone • The pitch variation that causes the contrast of meaning. • Level tones • A relatively fixed tone • Contour tones • A single syllable produced with tones that glide from one level to another.

  36. Mandarin Chinese: a tone language

  37. Web Resources • Online Intonation • http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/oi/oiin.htm • Pitch • http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/wtutor?tutorial=pitch

  38. Summary • Describing consonants • Place of articulation • Manner of articulation • Voicing • Describing vowels • Height, front, roundness • Suprasegmental features • pitch, tone, intonation

  39. Questions?

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