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25-2 The War for Europe and North Africa. Pgs. 738-745. The United States and Britain Join Forces. War Plans Churchill and FDR met on December 22,1941 to discuss war plans. Agreed that the defeat of Germany was the Allies’ top priority. Hitler #1 enemy of United States
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25-2 The War for Europe and North Africa Pgs. 738-745
The United States and Britain Join Forces • War Plans • Churchill and FDR met on December 22,1941 to discuss war plans. • Agreed that the defeat of Germany was the Allies’ top priority. • Hitler #1 enemy of United States • Joseph Stalin (Soviet leader) was now a member of Allies and needed help against Germany • Only if Germany was defeated then could the United States look for help in defeating Japan. • Would only accept the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers • Wanted a complete victory.
The United States and Britain Join Forces • The Battle of the Atlantic • At the beginning of 1942 Germans sank 87 U.S. ships off the Atlantic shore, and by July over 680 American ships had been destroyed. • Allies organized their cargo ships into convoys (groups) • Escorted by destroyers equipped with sonar for detecting submarines underwater and by airplanes that used radar to spot U-boats on the oceans surface. • Could finally destroy German U-boats faster than Hitler could build them.
The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean • The Battle of Stalingrad • German army was stalled by Moscow and Leningrad • Running low on oil • Hitler sent Sixth Army south to seize the rich Soviet oil fields and capture Stalingrad (major industrial center) • For 3 months the Germans pushed their way into Stalingrad and Stalin would not back down. In November the Soviets launched a counterattack and Hitler’s advisors begged him to retreat. Hitler said no. • February 2, 1943 91,000 frost-bitten, lice-ridden, half-starved German troops surrendered. • Soviets lost 1,250,000 civilians and soldiers and Germans lost 230,000
The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean • The North African Front • Operation Torch – invasion of Axis controlled north Africa commanded by Dwight D. Eisenhower. • Allies won • The Italian Campaign • Leaders of the Allies’ met to discuss what would happen next. • Agreed to invade Italy and launch an attack through the English Channel, through France and into the heart of Germany. • Italian King, Emmanuel III fired Mussolini and drove him out of the country. • Hitler reinstated him and fighting began in Italy. • By 1945 Italy had been taken over by Allied troops
The Allies Liberate Europe • D-Day • June 6, 1944 • 156,000 troops, 4,000 landing craft, 600 warships, 11,000 planes – was the largest land-sea-air operation in its history. • Normandy Peninsula was taken over by the Allies • By 1944 the Allies had freed France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the Netherlands • http://vimeo.com/16504107 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKZrR_2FnIg
The Allies Liberate Europe • The Battle of the Bulge • Germans vs. Americans • Germans were good at getting American’s off their guard. • Germans were only pushed back a little by the end of this battle, but had lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,600 planes. • From this battle on, Germans could do nothing but retreat. • Liberation of the Death Camps • Couldn’t believe their eyes at what they saw. • Unconditional Surrender • By April 25, 1945 Soviet army had stormed Berlin • Hitler shot himself and his wife took poison, there bodies were burned, he blamed the Jews and his generals for the war. • V-E Day – Victory in Europe day May 8, 1945
